Chapter 5 Flashcards
Rome’s neighbor to the North was the _____
Etruscans
The ritual of divination:
Examining organs of slaughtered animals
Citizen militia of heavily armed infantry:
Fighting in formation
Created the most famous and enduring government body:
The Senate
In 509, the Roman nobility deposed the Etruscan kings and replaced the monarchy with an __________
aristocratic republic
The highest value was Virtus (_____) which emphasized strength, loyalty, and courage especially in war
Virtue
_______ was Roman societies bedrock because it taught values and determined ownership of property
The Family
Romans in general, tended to be very tolerant towards most religions and cults, so long as they did __________
Not cause trouble
The shrine of Vesta, goddess of the earth and the protector of the family. It was the Vestal Virgins Job to __________
to keep the flame from going out, thus ensuring Rome’s protection
Traditional Roman values stressed virtue, fidelity to the ____________________, _________ first and foremost
The common good, republic
A system/institution based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations
Patron-Client system
Was a man of superior status which could offer financial and political assistance to people of lower status
A Patron
Forum:
The cities public center
Patricians:
small group of aristocratic families who could trace their ancestry to one of the 100 patriarchs at the founding of the city
Plebeians:
They were the majority of free roman citizens of the lower class
The struggle between the classes began over ____________________
marrying wealthy plebeians insisted on the right to marry patricians as social equals
The number one bargaining chip for the Plebeians during this period was the refusal of _______________
Military service
Tribunes:
Possessed the authorities to veto any legislation and contradict any advice from the senate if they deemed it harmful or injurious to the plebeians
The twelve tables:
a written law code in 451 BC, establishing basic procedural rights for all Roman citizens. Best protection against social strife.
By 287 the Plebeian assembly was making laws that were binding on ALL romans called _____
Plebiscites
Membership to all assemblies required _______________
Previous military service
Centuriate assembly
could declare war and elect the top 3 magistrates
The high office in the republic of rome
Consuls
The senate possessed 3 important powers:
- They controlled the Treasury
- They controlled state religions and oversaw the cults
- In a state of emergency, the senate could name a dictator
The main 2 reasons for Rome’s remarkable expansion:
Fear from attack and desire for wealth
Approach to governance of conquered foes:
The Hammer in the velvet glove
Worst Roman military defeat EVER
Battle of Cannae
Supported the common people
Populares
Supporting the social elite
Optimates
Initiated reforms to allow landless rural residents and urban workers into the army
Gaius Marius
The first Triumvirate
Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar
Caesars reign and signif. import/popular policies
-Moderate debt relif, especially for allies
-a large scale program for public works
-coloines (land) for his veterans
-expand citizenship
-clemency for his political enemies
March 15th 44 BC
Ides of March
