Chapter 10 Flashcards
Medieval Fairs
Served as marketplaces
Towns and cities they tended to be located near sources of wealth and trade, such as
monasteries, castles, rivers, and seas
Long distance trade routes, dominated by
the Italians
Guilds
were trade organizations, that set prices, regulated working conditions, and determined quality
Iron became readily available to produce new improved
iron plows, weapons, armor
Reasons for underlying church reform
commercial revolution made the church corrupt
Simony
the sale of church offices
… was the most significant conflict between church and state in medieval Europe
The appointment of religious leaders by secular rulers, Investiture conflict….
Concordat of worms and its significance
strengthen the popes position as head of the western church
The great Schism of 1054
Occured when a representative of the roman pope excommunicated the patriarch of constantinople, and the patriarch excommunicated the roman pope in return
The immediate trigger
The growing power of the Seljuk turks
This will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the crusades
“God wills it”
Is a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins
Indulgences
Popes issued several papal dispensations: “ the right of the road”
The freedom to travel throughout europe unmolested
pograms
state organized massacres, especailly of jews
Godfrey of Bouillon took the title
King of Jerusalem
Military-religious orders of the crusaders, these military orders formed
to protect the christians states in the holy land and christian pilgrims to the holy land
Legends of its secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries
The Knights Templar
Set up a string of hospitals along the pilgrimage route from europe to jerusalem
Knights Hospitaller
Membership of the order was small and confined to germans
The Teutonic Knights
at the battle of hattin, saladin largely annihilated the combined armies
Saladin
With the support of the nobles, harold grabbed the crown and the day after Edward’s burial, harold in the presence of all the nobles was crowned at
westminster abbey
William of Normandy was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey
On christmas day 1066
Significance of the battle
- England political shift from the scandinavian world to continental europe
- The domesday book
- The birth of modern english language
