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psych 100 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

PhD

A

research degree, requires dissertation

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2
Q

PsyD

A

focus on treatment

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3
Q

structuralism

A

fundamental mental components of thinking
Wundt

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4
Q

Introspection

A

describe experience when exposed to stimulus

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5
Q

Functionalism

A

role of behavior in adapting to environment
William James

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6
Q

Gestalt Psych

A

meaningful wholes

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7
Q

dendrite

A

receive messages from other neurons

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8
Q

axon

A

carries messages received by dendrite to other neurons

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9
Q

terminal buttons

A

small bulge that send messages

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10
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that carry messages across the synapse

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11
Q

CNS

A

brain/spinal cord

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12
Q

PNS

A

somatic= voluntary
autonomic= involuntary

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13
Q

EEG

A

electrical activity in brain

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14
Q

fMRI

A

3D image, powerful magnet

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15
Q

PET

A

biochemical acitivty

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16
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates basic needs

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17
Q

pons

A

sleep/arousal

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18
Q

medulla

A

unconscious functions
breathing, circulation

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19
Q

sensation

A

activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy

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20
Q

perception

A

sorting out, interpreting stimuli

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21
Q

psychophysics

A

relationship between the actual physical aspects and our psychological experience

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22
Q

absolute threshold

A

lowest intensity stimulus can be detected
50% of the time

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23
Q

jnd

A

smallest amount of change to be noticed

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24
Q

Weber’s Law

A

jnd is a constant proportion to intensity of an initial stimulus

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25
Q

stages of sleep

A

1- between wakefulness and sleep
2- deeper than 1
3- deepest stage

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26
Q

developmental psychology

A

studies patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life

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27
Q

Ainsworth strange situation

A

securely attached = children employ mother as home base

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28
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development- sensorimotor

A

development of object permeance, development of motor skills

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29
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development- preoperational

A

development of language and symbolic thinking

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30
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development- concrete operational

A

development of convservation

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31
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development- formal operational

A

development of logical and abstract thinking

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32
Q

metacognition

A

awareness and understanding of one’s cognitive process

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33
Q

Vygotsky’s view

A

cog dev occurs as a consequence of social interactions

34
Q

ZPD

A

gap between what children already are able to accomplish on their own and what they are not quite ready to do by themselves

35
Q

kohlberg level - preconventional morality

A

main considerations are avoidance of punishment and desire for reward

36
Q

kohlberg level 2- conventional morality

A

membership in society becomes important

37
Q

kohlberg level 3- postconventional morality

A

morality > law

38
Q

classical conditioning

A

neutral stimulus elicits response AFTER paired w natural stimulus

39
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A

naturally brings about a particular response

40
Q

unconditioned response

A

natural needs no training

41
Q

conditioned sitmulus

A

once-neutral, paired w UCS

42
Q

conditioned response

A

follows a previously neutral stimulus

43
Q

operant conditioning

A

voluntary response is strengthened/weakened depending on consequences

44
Q

Skinner box

A

studied operant on lab animals

45
Q

fixed-ratio schedule

A

reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made

46
Q

variable-ratio schedule

A

reinforcement occurs after an avg number of responses, unpredictable

47
Q

fixed-interval schedule

A

reinforcement provided only after fixed time period

48
Q

variable-interval schedule

A

time between reinforcements ranges

49
Q

shaping

A

process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations

50
Q

sensory memory

A

initial, momentary storage

51
Q

rehearsal

A

repetition of info entering STM

52
Q

primacy effect

A

best remembered are items that come early

53
Q

recency effect

A

best remembered are items presented late

54
Q

declarative memory

A

refers to factual info

55
Q

semantic memory

A

general knowledge

56
Q

episodic memory

A

events that occur in a particular time, place, or context

57
Q

procedural memory

A

skills and habits

58
Q

semantic networks

A

mental rep of clusters of interconnected info

59
Q

levels of processing theory

A

emphasizes degree in which new material is analyzed

60
Q

explicit mem

A

intentional/conscious recollection of info

61
Q

implicit mem

A

memories people are not consciously aware of

62
Q

priming

A

exposure to a word/concept later makes it easier to recall

63
Q

grammar

A

system of rules determining how thoughts are expressed

64
Q

phonology

A

smallest units of speech

65
Q

syntax

A

words/phrases can be combined

66
Q

semantics

A

meaning of words and sentences

67
Q

telegraphic speech

A

only essential words used

68
Q

overgeneralization

A

over-apply language rule

69
Q

intelligence

A

capacity to understand, think, use resources

70
Q

g-factor

A

single, general factor assumed to underlie intelligence

71
Q

fluid intelligence

A

think logically, reason abstracly

72
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

accumulation of learned information

73
Q

theory of multiple intelligences

A

Howard Gardner
8 distinct spheres

74
Q

Sternberg Triarchic Theory

A

practical, analytical, and creative intelligence

75
Q

Goleman emotional intelligence

A

skills that underlie accurate assessment eval of emotion

76
Q

reliability

A

consistency of a test

77
Q

validity

A

degree to which a test actually measure what it’s supposed to measure

78
Q

norms

A

standards of test performance that permit comparison within scores

79
Q

intellectual disability

A

below 70 IQ

80
Q

heritability

A

degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic factors

psych 100 (10 decks)

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