final

Question 1

PhD

Answer 1

research degree, requires dissertation

Question 2

PsyD

Answer 2

focus on treatment

Question 3

structuralism

Answer 3

fundamental mental components of thinking
Wundt

Question 4

Introspection

Answer 4

describe experience when exposed to stimulus

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

role of behavior in adapting to environment
William James

Question 6

Gestalt Psych

Answer 6

meaningful wholes

Question 7

dendrite

Answer 7

receive messages from other neurons

Question 8

axon

Answer 8

carries messages received by dendrite to other neurons

Question 9

terminal buttons

Answer 9

small bulge that send messages

Question 10

neurotransmitters

Answer 10

chemicals that carry messages across the synapse

Question 11

CNS

Answer 11

brain/spinal cord

Question 12

PNS

Answer 12

somatic= voluntary
autonomic= involuntary

Question 13

EEG

Answer 13

electrical activity in brain

Question 14

fMRI

Answer 14

3D image, powerful magnet

Question 15

PET

Answer 15

biochemical acitivty

Question 16

hypothalamus

Answer 16

regulates basic needs

Question 17

pons

Answer 17

sleep/arousal

Question 18

medulla

Answer 18

unconscious functions
breathing, circulation

Question 19

sensation

Answer 19

activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy

Question 20

perception

Answer 20

sorting out, interpreting stimuli

Question 21

psychophysics

Answer 21

relationship between the actual physical aspects and our psychological experience

Question 22

absolute threshold

Answer 22

lowest intensity stimulus can be detected
50% of the time

Question 23

jnd

Answer 23

smallest amount of change to be noticed

Question 24

Weber’s Law

Answer 24

jnd is a constant proportion to intensity of an initial stimulus

Question 25

stages of sleep

Answer 25

1- between wakefulness and sleep 2- deeper than 1 3- deepest stage

Question 26

developmental psychology

Answer 26

studies patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life

Question 27

Ainsworth strange situation

Answer 27

securely attached = children employ mother as home base

Question 28

Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development- sensorimotor

Answer 28

development of object permeance, development of motor skills

Question 29

Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development- preoperational

Answer 29

development of language and symbolic thinking

Question 30

Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development- concrete operational

Answer 30

development of convservation

Question 31

Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development- formal operational

Answer 31

development of logical and abstract thinking

Question 32

metacognition

Answer 32

awareness and understanding of one's cognitive process

Question 33

Vygotsky's view

Answer 33

cog dev occurs as a consequence of social interactions

Question 34

ZPD

Answer 34

gap between what children already are able to accomplish on their own and what they are not quite ready to do by themselves

Question 35

kohlberg level - preconventional morality

Answer 35

main considerations are avoidance of punishment and desire for reward

Question 36

kohlberg level 2- conventional morality

Answer 36

membership in society becomes important

Question 37

kohlberg level 3- postconventional morality

Answer 37

morality > law

Question 38

classical conditioning

Answer 38

neutral stimulus elicits response AFTER paired w natural stimulus

Question 39

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 39

naturally brings about a particular response

Question 40

unconditioned response

Answer 40

natural needs no training

Question 41

conditioned sitmulus

Answer 41

once-neutral, paired w UCS

Question 42

conditioned response

Answer 42

follows a previously neutral stimulus

Question 43

operant conditioning

Answer 43

voluntary response is strengthened/weakened depending on consequences

Question 44

Skinner box

Answer 44

studied operant on lab animals

Question 45

fixed-ratio schedule

Answer 45

reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made

Question 46

variable-ratio schedule

Answer 46

reinforcement occurs after an avg number of responses, unpredictable

Question 47

fixed-interval schedule

Answer 47

reinforcement provided only after fixed time period

Question 48

variable-interval schedule

Answer 48

time between reinforcements ranges

Question 49

shaping

Answer 49

process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations

Question 50

sensory memory

Answer 50

initial, momentary storage

Question 51

rehearsal

Answer 51

repetition of info entering STM

Question 52

primacy effect

Answer 52

best remembered are items that come early

Question 53

recency effect

Answer 53

best remembered are items presented late

Question 54

declarative memory

Answer 54

refers to factual info

Question 55

semantic memory

Answer 55

general knowledge

Question 56

episodic memory

Answer 56

events that occur in a particular time, place, or context

Question 57

procedural memory

Answer 57

skills and habits

Question 58

semantic networks

Answer 58

mental rep of clusters of interconnected info

Question 59

levels of processing theory

Answer 59

emphasizes degree in which new material is analyzed

Question 60

explicit mem

Answer 60

intentional/conscious recollection of info

Question 61

implicit mem

Answer 61

memories people are not consciously aware of

Question 62

priming

Answer 62

exposure to a word/concept later makes it easier to recall

Question 63

grammar

Answer 63

system of rules determining how thoughts are expressed

Question 64

phonology

Answer 64

smallest units of speech

Question 65

syntax

Answer 65

words/phrases can be combined

Question 66

semantics

Answer 66

meaning of words and sentences

Question 67

telegraphic speech

Answer 67

only essential words used

Question 68

overgeneralization

Answer 68

over-apply language rule

Question 69

intelligence

Answer 69

capacity to understand, think, use resources

Question 70

g-factor

Answer 70

single, general factor assumed to underlie intelligence

Question 71

fluid intelligence

Answer 71

think logically, reason abstracly

Question 72

crystallized intelligence

Answer 72

accumulation of learned information

Question 73

theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 73

Howard Gardner 8 distinct spheres

Question 74

Sternberg Triarchic Theory

Answer 74

practical, analytical, and creative intelligence

Question 75

Goleman emotional intelligence

Answer 75

skills that underlie accurate assessment eval of emotion

Question 76

reliability

Answer 76

consistency of a test

Question 77

validity

Answer 77

degree to which a test actually measure what it's supposed to measure

Question 78

norms

Answer 78

standards of test performance that permit comparison within scores

Question 79

intellectual disability

Answer 79

below 70 IQ

Question 80

heritability

Answer 80

degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic factors