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psych 100 > ch. 7 > Flashcards

ch. 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

cognitive psychology

A

focuses on the study of higher mental processes

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2
Q

language

A

the communication of info through symbols arranged according to systematic rules

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3
Q

grammar

A

system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed

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4
Q

phonology

A

study of the smallest units of speech called phonemes

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5
Q

syntax

A

words combined to formed sentences

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6
Q

semantics

A

aspect of language referring to the meaning of words and sentences

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7
Q

babble

A

meaningless, speechlike sounds made by children from 3 months to 1 year

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8
Q

telegraphic speech

A

sentences in which only essential words are used

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9
Q

overgeneralization

A

children over-apply language rule ex. runned

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10
Q

learning-theory approach

A

language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning

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11
Q

nativist approach

A

humans are biologically prewired to learn language at certain times and in particular ways

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12
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

proposed a universal grammar that lets us understand language structure

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13
Q

Interactionist approach

A

language development is determine by genetic and social factors

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14
Q

intelligence

A

capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenge

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15
Q

g-factor

A

single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence

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16
Q

fluid intelligence

A

ability to think logically, reason abstractly, solve probs, find patterns

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17
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

accumulation of info/skills learned through experience and education

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18
Q

theory of multiple intelligences

A

Howard Gardner
8 distinct spheres of intelligence

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19
Q

existential intelligence

A

identifying and thinking about the fundamental questions of human existence

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20
Q

Sternberg Triarchic theory

A

practical, analytical, creative IQ

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21
Q

practical intelligence

A

common sense “street smarts”

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22
Q

analytical intelligence

A

focuses on the traditional types of problems measured on IQ tests

23
Q

creative intelligence

A

generation of novel ideas

24
Q

Goleman emotional intelligence (EQ)

A

set of skills that underlie the assessment, eval, expression, and reg of emotions

25
Q

Binet

A

French psychologist
developed first real intelligence test

26
Q

mental age

A

age for which a given level of performance is average

27
Q

IQ

A

takes into account an indv mental and chronological age

28
Q

IQ score formula

A

MA/CA x 100

29
Q

average IQ score

A

100 SD = 15

30
Q

68% people score on IQ test

A

85-115

31
Q

95% people score on IQ test

A

55-145

32
Q

Standford-Binet and Wechsler IQ tests

A

require indv adminsitration, relatively difficult to administer and score on a large-scale

33
Q

group administered IQ tests

A

fewer kinds of Qs, may be less motivated to perform at their highest ability in group setting, cannot be administered to low IQs

34
Q

reliability

A

consistency of a test in measuring what it is trying to measure

35
Q

validity

A

degree to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure

36
Q

norms

A

standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person’s score to another
ex. standardized tests

37
Q

information goal

A

assess general info

38
Q

comprehension goal

A

assess understanding and eval of social norms and past experiences

39
Q

arithmetic goal

A

assess math reasoning through verbal problems

40
Q

similarities goal

A

test understanding of how objects or concepts are alike

41
Q

adaptive testing

A

not every test taker receives identical sets of questions

42
Q

adaptive testing advantage

A

shorter tests

43
Q

adaptive disadvantages

A

early mistakes by test takers can hurt final scores

44
Q

intellectual disabilities

A

significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior

45
Q

FAS

A

most common cause of intellectual disability in newborns

46
Q

down syndrome

A

extra copy of the 21st chromosome

47
Q

familial intellectual disability

A

no apparent biological or genetic problems exist but there is a fam history

48
Q

intellectually gifted

A

IQ >130

49
Q

heritability

A

degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors

50
Q

relationship between IQ and closeness of genetic relationship

A

more similar genetic & environmental background = greater correlation
(highest correlation w identical twins raised together)

51
Q

Education for all handicapped children act

A

schools cannot refuse to educate children

52
Q

FAPE

A

free and appropriate public education for all

53
Q

LRE

A

least restrictive environment

psych 100 (10 decks)

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