ch. 7 Flashcards
cognitive psychology
focuses on the study of higher mental processes
language
the communication of info through symbols arranged according to systematic rules
grammar
system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed
phonology
study of the smallest units of speech called phonemes
syntax
words combined to formed sentences
semantics
aspect of language referring to the meaning of words and sentences
babble
meaningless, speechlike sounds made by children from 3 months to 1 year
telegraphic speech
sentences in which only essential words are used
overgeneralization
children over-apply language rule ex. runned
learning-theory approach
language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning
nativist approach
humans are biologically prewired to learn language at certain times and in particular ways
Noam Chomsky
proposed a universal grammar that lets us understand language structure
Interactionist approach
language development is determine by genetic and social factors
intelligence
capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenge
g-factor
single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence
fluid intelligence
ability to think logically, reason abstractly, solve probs, find patterns
crystallized intelligence
accumulation of info/skills learned through experience and education
theory of multiple intelligences
Howard Gardner
8 distinct spheres of intelligence
existential intelligence
identifying and thinking about the fundamental questions of human existence
Sternberg Triarchic theory
practical, analytical, creative IQ
practical intelligence
common sense “street smarts”
analytical intelligence
focuses on the traditional types of problems measured on IQ tests
creative intelligence
generation of novel ideas
Goleman emotional intelligence (EQ)
set of skills that underlie the assessment, eval, expression, and reg of emotions
