ch. 9

Question 1

nature vs nurture

Answer 1

environment vs heredity

Question 2

developmental psychology

Answer 2

studies patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life

Question 3

determining nature vs nuture

Answer 3

observe animals with identical genetic backgrounds in varied environments
study identical twins

Question 4

cross-sectional research

Answer 4

research method that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 5

longitudinal research

Answer 5

assesses change in behavior over time

Question 6

zygote

Answer 6

a new cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm

Question 7

embryo

Answer 7

a developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs

Question 8

age of viability

Answer 8

point which fetus can survive if born premature (about 22 weeks)

Question 9

germinal period

Answer 9

conception- 2 weeks

Question 10

embryonic period

Answer 10

weeks 2-8

Question 11

fetal period

Answer 11

weeks 8-birth

Question 12

teratogens

Answer 12

environmental agents such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produce a birth defect

Question 13

FASD

Answer 13

fetal alc syndrome

Question 14

growth vs fixed mindset
khan academy vid

Answer 14

abilities can be developed vs i just have a certain amount

Question 15

kids who are praised for intelligence

Answer 15

don’t want a challenge or work hard
difficulty = that’s it

Question 16

kids praised for effort and progress

Answer 16

slay

Question 17

attachment

Answer 17

positive emotional bond that develops between a child and particular individual

Question 18

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 18

studied attachment with newborn goslings

Question 19

imprinting

Answer 19

behavior that takes place during a critical period and involves attachment to the first moving object observed

Question 19

Harry Harlow

Answer 19

studied attachment with infant monkeys

Question 20

Ainsworth strange situation

Answer 20

a sequence of events involving a child, his or her mother and a stranger

Question 21

securely attached

Answer 21

mother as a home base
when she leaves they are distressed

Question 22

authoritarian

Answer 22

rigid, punitive, strict standards

Question 23

permissive

Answer 23

inconsistent, undemanding

Question 24

authoritative

Answer 24

firm, sets limits and goals, uses reasoning, encourages independence

Question 25

uninvolved

Answer 25

dethatched emotionally, sees only role only as providing basics

Question 26

sensorimotor

Answer 26

birth-2 years
object permanence, development of motor skills

Question 27

preoperational

Answer 27

2-7 years
development of language and symbolic thinking

Question 28

concrete operational

Answer 28

7-12 years
development of conservation, reversibility

Question 29

formal operational

Answer 29

12-adult
logical and abstract thinking

Question 30

conservation

Answer 30

understanding that physical properties remain the same even when the outward appearance changes

Question 31

zone of proximal development

Answer 31

gap between what children can accomplish and what they aren’t quite ready to do

Question 32

adolescence

Answer 32

developmental stage between childhood and adulthood

Question 33

preconventional morality
kohlberg

Answer 33

main considerations are the avoidance of punishments and desire for rewards

Question 34

conventional morality
kohlberg

Answer 34

membership in society becomes important
behavior for approval of others

Question 35

postconventional morality
kohlberg

Answer 35

principle > law

Question 36

trust vs mistrust

Answer 36

birth- 1 1/2 years
feelings of trust from environmental support

Question 37

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Answer 37

1-3
self-sufficiency if exploration is encouraged

Question 38

initiative vs guilt

Answer 38

3-6
discovery of ways to initiate actions

Question 39

industry vs inferiority

Answer 39

6-12
development of sense of competence