ch. 9 Flashcards
nature vs nurture
environment vs heredity
developmental psychology
studies patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life
determining nature vs nuture
observe animals with identical genetic backgrounds in varied environments
study identical twins
cross-sectional research
research method that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
longitudinal research
assesses change in behavior over time
zygote
a new cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm
embryo
a developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs
age of viability
point which fetus can survive if born premature (about 22 weeks)
germinal period
conception- 2 weeks
embryonic period
weeks 2-8
fetal period
weeks 8-birth
teratogens
environmental agents such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produce a birth defect
FASD
fetal alc syndrome
growth vs fixed mindset
khan academy vid
abilities can be developed vs i just have a certain amount
kids who are praised for intelligence
don’t want a challenge or work hard
difficulty = that’s it
kids praised for effort and progress
slay
attachment
positive emotional bond that develops between a child and particular individual
Konrad Lorenz
studied attachment with newborn goslings
imprinting
behavior that takes place during a critical period and involves attachment to the first moving object observed
Harry Harlow
studied attachment with infant monkeys
Ainsworth strange situation
a sequence of events involving a child, his or her mother and a stranger
securely attached
mother as a home base
when she leaves they are distressed
authoritarian
rigid, punitive, strict standards
permissive
inconsistent, undemanding
authoritative
firm, sets limits and goals, uses reasoning, encourages independence
uninvolved
dethatched emotionally, sees only role only as providing basics
sensorimotor
birth-2 years
object permanence, development of motor skills
preoperational
2-7 years
development of language and symbolic thinking
concrete operational
7-12 years
development of conservation, reversibility
formal operational
12-adult
logical and abstract thinking
conservation
understanding that physical properties remain the same even when the outward appearance changes
zone of proximal development
gap between what children can accomplish and what they aren’t quite ready to do
adolescence
developmental stage between childhood and adulthood
preconventional morality
kohlberg
main considerations are the avoidance of punishments and desire for rewards
conventional morality
kohlberg
membership in society becomes important
behavior for approval of others
postconventional morality
kohlberg
principle > law
trust vs mistrust
birth- 1 1/2 years
feelings of trust from environmental support
autonomy vs shame and doubt
1-3
self-sufficiency if exploration is encouraged
initiative vs guilt
3-6
discovery of ways to initiate actions
industry vs inferiority
6-12
development of sense of competence
