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psych 100 > ch. 2 > Flashcards

ch. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

long axons & dendrites
contains all parts of nervous system other than brain/spinal cord

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2
Q

somatic division

A

PNS
control of voluntary movements and communication of information

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3
Q

autonomic division

A

PNS
controls involuntary movement of organs

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4
Q

sympathetic division

A

ANS
fight of flight

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5
Q

parasympathetic division

A

ANS
calms body after emergency

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6
Q

central nervous system

A

part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

spinal cord

A

bundle neurons, transmits messages

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8
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

seeks to identify behavior patterns that are a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors

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9
Q

behavioral genetics

A

the study of the effects of heredity on behavior

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10
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

records electrical activity in the brain through electrodes placed on the outside of the skull

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11
Q

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A

detailed, 3D images of brain structures and activity by aiming a powerful magnetic field at the brain or other body parts

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12
Q

Positron emission tomography scan (PET)

A

show biochemical activity within the brain at a given moment

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13
Q

central core of the brain

A

“old brain” controls basic functions such as eating/sleeping

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14
Q

medulla

A

controls critical body functions (heartbeat/breathing)

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15
Q

pons

A

bridge between right/left, transmits motor info, coordinates muscles

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16
Q

cerebellum

A

balance

17
Q

reticular formation

A

changes in level of arousal of the body

18
Q

thalamus

A

relays info about the senses

19
Q

hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis

20
Q

limbic system

A

part of the brain that controls eating, aggression,
emotions and self-preservation
+hippocampus = learning and memory

21
Q

cerebral cortex

A

“new brain” responsible for most sophisticated info processing

22
Q

neuroplasticity

A

brain’s ability to change throughout the life span through addition of new neurons, new interconnections, reorganize info processing

23
Q

neurogenesis

A

creation of new neurons

24
Q

hemispheres

A

symmetrical left and right halves of the brain that control the opposite side of the body

25
Q

left hemisphere

A

processes info sequentially
verbal

26
Q

right hemisphere

A

processes info globally
nonverbal

27
Q

lateralization

A

dominance of one hemisphere in specific functions (language)

28
Q

glial cells

A

hold neurons in place, nourish, insulate, repair damage, support neural functioning

29
Q

dendrite

A

cluster of fibers at one end of neuron
receive messages

30
Q

axon

A

carries messages received by the dendrites to other neurons

31
Q

terminal buttons

A

part of axon, small bulge, sends messages to other neurons

32
Q

myelin sheath

A

protective coating of fat and protein

33
Q

resting state

A

state before a neuron is triggered

34
Q

action potential

A

electric nerve that travels through axon, changes charge from negative to postive

35
Q

mirror neurons

A

specialized neurons that fire when person observe another indv carrying out same behavior

36
Q

synapse

A

space between two neurons
communicates

37
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite

38
Q

excitatory message

A

a chemical message that makes it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and AP will travel down axon

39
Q

inhibitory message

A

a chemical message that prevents or decrease the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire

psych 100 (10 decks)

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