ch. 6

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information

Question 2

encoding

Answer 2

recording info in a form usable to memory

Question 3

storage

Answer 3

the maintenance of material saved in memory

Question 4

retrieval

Answer 4

locating material and bringing it into awareness so that it can be used

Question 5

repetitive rehearsal

Answer 5

short term mem

Question 6

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 6

long term mem
organzied

Question 7

sensory memory

Answer 7

the initial, momentary storage of information, lasting only an instant

Question 8

iconic memory

Answer 8

reflects info from visual system

Question 9

echoic memory

Answer 9

stores auditory info

Question 10

short term memory

Answer 10

holds info for 15-25 secs

Question 11

*** 7 +/- 2

Answer 11

hold avg of 7 chunks
variations of plus/minus 2 chunks

Question 12

chunk

Answer 12

group together related info
single unit in short term mem

Question 13

rehearsal

Answer 13

the repetition of info that has entered short term mem

Question 14

illusion of competence

Answer 14

sounds familiar so you think you know it
but you do not :(

Question 15

mnemonics

Answer 15

strategies for organizing info in a way that makes it more likely to be remembered

Question 16

long term memory

Answer 16

stores info on a relatively permanent basis, can be difficult to retrieve
unlimited capacity

Question 17

primacy effect

Answer 17

best remembered are items that come early

Question 18

recency effect

Answer 18

best remembered are items presented late

Question 19

declarative memory

Answer 19

(explicit mem) factual info

Question 20

semantic memory

Answer 20

for general knowledge

Question 21

episodic memory

Answer 21

for events that occur in a particular time, place, or context

Question 22

procedural memory

Answer 22

memory for skills and habits

Question 23

semantic networks

Answer 23

mental reps of clusters of interconnected info

Question 24

spreading activation

Answer 24

activating one memory triggers that activation of related memories

Question 25

tip of the tongue phenomenon

Answer 25

inability to recall info that one realizes one knows

Question 26

retrieval cues

Answer 26

stimuli that allow us to more easily recall info that is in long term memory

Question 27

recall

Answer 27

memory task in which specific info must be retrieved

Question 28

recognition

Answer 28

memory task in which individuals are presented w a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives

Question 29

levels-of-processing theory

Answer 29

a theory of memory that emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed

Question 30

explicit memory

Answer 30

intentional or conscious recollection of info

Question 31

implicit memory

Answer 31

memories of which people are not consciously aware

Question 32

priming

Answer 32

occurs when exposure to a word/concept later makes it easier to recall related info

Question 33

flashbulb memory

Answer 33

memory of specific, important, significant event that are recalled easily w vivid imagery

Question 34

source amenesia

Answer 34

occurs when an individual has a memory for some material but cannot recall where they encountered it

Question 35

autobiographical memory

Answer 35

our recollection of our own life experiences

Question 36

memory failure

Answer 36

is essential to remembering important information

Question 37

decay

Answer 37

loss of info through non use

Question 38

memory traces

Answer 38

physical changes when new material is learned

Question 39

interference

Answer 39

info in memory disrupts the recall of other info

Question 40

cue-dependent forgetting

Answer 40

occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle info in memory

Question 41

proactive interference

Answer 41

info learned earlier disrupts the recall of newer material and progresses in time

Question 42

retroactive interference

Answer 42

material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of info that was learned earlier