Final Flashcards
What structures are in the animal cell? (16)
Flagella
Lysosome
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Microvilli
Mitochondria
Centrosomes
Peroxisome
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Plasma membrane
Golgi apparatus
Nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Nucleolus
What are the structures in a plant cell? (15)
Cell wall
Plasmodesmata
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum
Adjacent cell wall
Vacuole
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Peroxisome
Golgi apparatus
Plasma membrane
What is exclusive to the plant cell? (4)
Plasmodesmata
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Central vacuole
What is the function of the flagellum?
Motility
What is the function of the centrosomes?
Area where Microtubules originate
What is the function of the cytoskeleton? (2)
Reinforce cell shape
Functions in cell movement
What is he function of the microvilli?
Projections that increase surface area
What is the function of the lysosome?
Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
What is the function of the Peroxisome? (2)
Organelle with various metabolic functions
Produces hydrogen peroxide and converts it to water
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Where cellular respiration occurs
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? (4)
Synthesis
Modification
Sorting
Secretion of cell product
What is the function of the ribosome?
Complex where protein originates
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Membrane enclosing the cell
What is the function of the chromatin?
Made of DNA and protein, visible in dividing cells
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Structure involved in production of ribosomes
What is the function of the nuclear envelope? (2)
Perforated by pores
Encloses the nucleus
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? (2)
Network of sacs and tubes for membrane synthesis and other metabolic processes
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes
What is Plasmodesmata?
Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm with of adjacent cells
What is the function of the cell wall?
Outer layer maintains cell shape and protection
What is the function of the chloroplast? (2)
Organelle that photosynthesizes
Converts light energy to chemical energy
What is the function of the central vacuoles? (4)
Storage
Breaks down waste products
Hydrolysis
Enlarges cell
What is the product of glycolysis, and where? (3)
Cytoplasm
2 ATP, 2NADH, 2 pyruvate
Substrate level phosphorylation
What happens during pyruvate oxidation?
2 CO2, 2NADH, acetyl CoA
What is the product of two cycles of the citric acid cycle?
2 acetyl CoA, 6NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2
What happens in the electron transport chain?
Passes electrons down a chain to release energy and form an H+ gradient
What happens during chemiosmosis? (3)
Uses H+ gradient
As H+ enters the rotor, it spins the stator connected to it
Activates the catalytic rod
Produces ATP
What happens during oxidative phosphorylation?
Produces 26-28 ATP
What is amino acid activation?
Fits appropriate amino acids to tRNA with that anticodon
What happens during translation?
tRNA adds their amino acid to a polypeptide chains and translocates
