Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are cells?
Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
How are prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?
They are smaller
What cells utilizes DNA as their genetic material, but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
Archaea
To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
Reductionism
What is a localized group of organisms that belong to the same species called?
Population
What is true regarding the complexity of biological systems?
Knowing the function of a component of a living system can provide insight into the structure and organization of the living system 
What is the correct order in terms of the hierarchy of the organization?
Biosphere > ecosystem > community > population > organism
When your body temperature rises on a hot day, the neural and hormonal mechanisms, activate, sweating, evaporation of sweat leads to the cooling of the body surface. What is this an example of ?
Negative feedback mechanism
Characters are transmitted from parents to offsprings. What are the units of inheritance?
Genes
As letters are to English language, what are to genetic information?
Nucleotides
What is the process by which the information in a gene direct the synthesis of a protein called?
Gene expression
True or false, all forms of life employ the same genetic code.
True
What kind of energy do plants convert?
Sunlight to chemical energy.
What provides evidence of the common ancestor of life?
Near universality of the genetic code
Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying organisms?
Taxonomy
When a phylogenetic tree displays bacteria archaea, and eukarya, what does show?
It includes every single life form on this earth
You are suffering from Streptococcus you share the following with the bacteria that is responsible for your condition
You both are made up of cells
What is true of natural selection?
It requires genetic variation, results with descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success.
What is not one of Charles Darwins observations?
A population avoids competition by producing only as many offsprings as can successfully reproduce on their own.
What is the evolution of one species into two or more species as a result of different population becoming reproductively isolated from each other called?
Adaptive radiation
Cotton top tamarin’s are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their head. While studying these creatures you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test a hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive to these males, what should you do?
Determine if hair length is habitable
Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?
Observation > hypothesis > experiment > analysis > conclusion > communicate results
What is a question that is considered a thought-provoking scientific query?
How many tigers are left in India?
How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
Series are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon hypotheses typically address more specific issues
What does the best experimental design include?
It includes a large sample size and a control, and alters only one condition between the controls and experimental condition
What is a controlled experiment?
A controlled experiment includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment
What are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?
It is both testable and is falsifiable
What is inductive reasoning?
Deriving generalizations from a large number of specific observations
What is deductive reasoning?
From General premises, we extrapolate to the specific results We should expect if the promises are true.
What is the application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose called?
Technology
What best describes a model organism?
It is well studied. It is easy to grow and results are Widely applicable.
Why is a scientific topic? Best discussed by people are very points of view from different subdisciplines and representing diverse cultures?
Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups, improve scientific thinking
What does all the organisms on a campus make up?
A community
What does systems biology attempt to do?
Understand the behavior of entire biological systems by studying interactions among its component parts
What best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?
The structure and function of DNA
What is a controlled experiment?
Keeps tests experimental and control groups in parallel
What best distinguishes hypothesis from theories in science
Hypothesis usually are relatively narrow in scope theories have broad explanatory power
What best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?
If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results
