Chapter 1

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

Question 2

How are prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?

Answer 2

They are smaller

Question 3

What cells utilizes DNA as their genetic material, but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

Answer 3

Archaea

Question 4

To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?

Answer 4

Reductionism

Question 5

What is a localized group of organisms that belong to the same species called?

Answer 5

Population

Question 6

What is true regarding the complexity of biological systems?

Answer 6

Knowing the function of a component of a living system can provide insight into the structure and organization of the living system 

Question 7

What is the correct order in terms of the hierarchy of the organization?

Answer 7

Biosphere > ecosystem > community > population > organism

Question 8

When your body temperature rises on a hot day, the neural and hormonal mechanisms, activate, sweating, evaporation of sweat leads to the cooling of the body surface. What is this an example of ?

Answer 8

Negative feedback mechanism

Question 9

Characters are transmitted from parents to offsprings. What are the units of inheritance?

Answer 9

Genes

Question 10

As letters are to English language, what are to genetic information?

Answer 10

Nucleotides

Question 11

What is the process by which the information in a gene direct the synthesis of a protein called?

Answer 11

Gene expression

Question 12

True or false, all forms of life employ the same genetic code.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What kind of energy do plants convert?

Answer 13

Sunlight to chemical energy.

Question 14

What provides evidence of the common ancestor of life?

Answer 14

Near universality of the genetic code

Question 15

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying organisms?

Answer 15

Taxonomy

Question 16

When a phylogenetic tree displays bacteria archaea, and eukarya, what does show?

Answer 16

It includes every single life form on this earth

Question 17

You are suffering from Streptococcus you share the following with the bacteria that is responsible for your condition

Answer 17

You both are made up of cells

Question 18

What is true of natural selection?

Answer 18

It requires genetic variation, results with descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success.

Question 19

What is not one of Charles Darwins observations?

Answer 19

A population avoids competition by producing only as many offsprings as can successfully reproduce on their own.

Question 20

What is the evolution of one species into two or more species as a result of different population becoming reproductively isolated from each other called?

Answer 20

Adaptive radiation

Question 21

Cotton top tamarin’s are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their head. While studying these creatures you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test a hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive to these males, what should you do?

Answer 21

Determine if hair length is habitable

Question 22

Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

Answer 22

Observation > hypothesis > experiment > analysis > conclusion > communicate results

Question 23

What is a question that is considered a thought-provoking scientific query?

Answer 23

How many tigers are left in India?

Question 24

How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?

Answer 24

Series are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon hypotheses typically address more specific issues

Question 25

What does the best experimental design include?

Answer 25

It includes a large sample size and a control, and alters only one condition between the controls and experimental condition

Question 26

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 26

A controlled experiment includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment

Question 27

What are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?

Answer 27

It is both testable and is falsifiable

Question 28

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 28

Deriving generalizations from a large number of specific observations

Question 29

What is deductive reasoning?

Answer 29

From General premises, we extrapolate to the specific results We should expect if the promises are true.

Question 30

What is the application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose called?

Answer 30

Technology

Question 31

What best describes a model organism?

Answer 31

It is well studied. It is easy to grow and results are Widely applicable.

Question 32

Why is a scientific topic? Best discussed by people are very points of view from different subdisciplines and representing diverse cultures?

Answer 32

Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups, improve scientific thinking

Question 33

What does all the organisms on a campus make up?

Answer 33

A community

Question 34

What does systems biology attempt to do?

Answer 34

Understand the behavior of entire biological systems by studying interactions among its component parts

Question 35

What best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?

Answer 35

The structure and function of DNA

Question 36

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 36

Keeps tests experimental and control groups in parallel

Question 37

What best distinguishes hypothesis from theories in science

Answer 37

Hypothesis usually are relatively narrow in scope theories have broad explanatory power

Question 38

What best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?

Answer 38

If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results