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BI157 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is selective permeability and what is it exhibited by?

A

Exhibited by the plasma membrane, allowing certain substances to pass through

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2
Q

Ampipathic molecules

A

Molecules that possess both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules

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3
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

A model that displays the phospholipid bilayer as a mosaic of protein molecules bobbing on the bilayer

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4
Q

Where is Steroid cholesterol found, and what does it do?

A

Wedged between phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane of animal cells, with temperature affecting its fluidity

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5
Q

How does temperature affect steroid cholesterol?

A

At high temperatures, it makes the membranes less fluid

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6
Q

What are integral proteins?

A

Proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer. Majority are transmembrane proteins

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7
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane, often bound to the integral proteins

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8
Q

What are the types of proteins on a plasma membrane? (6)

A

Transport
Enzymatic
Signal transduction
Cell to cell recognition
Intercellular joining
Attachment to the cytoskeleton and Extracellular matrix

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9
Q

What are Transport proteins (4)

A

Spans the membrane and provides a hydrophilic channels across the membrane that is selective for a particular solute.
Some shuttle a substance by changing shape
Some use ATP actively pump substances
Hydrophilic

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10
Q

Enzymatic proteins (2)

A

Enzymes with active site exposed to substances in the adjacent solution
Can form teams of enzymes with active to carry sequential steps of a metabolic pathway

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11
Q

Signal transduction proteins (2)

A

Proteins with binding sit with a specific shape that fits the shape of chemical messengers like hormones

Messengers can change the shape of protein to relax the message

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12
Q

Cell to cell recognition proteins

A

Serves as ID tags recognized by membrane proteins of other cells

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13
Q

Intercellular joining proteins

A

Membrane proteins of adjacent cells hook together to form junctions

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14
Q

Protein attachments to the cytoskeleton and Extracellular matrix

A

Binds to said substances to maintain cell shape, and stabilize location of certain membranes

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15
Q

What are glycolipids?

A

Carbohydrates bound to lipids for cell to cell recognition

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16
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Carbohydrates bonded to proteins

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17
Q

What passes the phospholipids easily?

A

Hydrophobic/ Nonpolar molecules

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18
Q

What are aquaporins?

A

A transport protein for water

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19
Q

What are carrier proteins?

A

Proteins that hold onto molecules or ions and change shape in a way to transport said molecules

20
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of particles of substances

21
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Solute molecules continue to cross a membrane at equal rates in both directions

22
Q

What is tonicity and what does it depend on? (2)

A

Ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

Depends on its concentration of solutes that cannot cross the membrane relative to that inside the cell

23
Q

What is an isotonic environment?

A

Equal amounts of nonpenetrating solutes in and outside the cell

No net movement

24
Q

Hypertonic (2)

A

More nonpenetrating solutes surrounding the cell

Cells lose water, shrivels, and dies

25
Q

Hypotonic

A

Less nonpenetrating solutes surrounding the cell

Cell takes too much water, swells, and lyse

26
Q

What is osmoregulation, and what organisms use it?

A

Control of solute concentrations and water balance

Used with organisms without a rigid cell walls to survive hypertonic and hypotonic environments

27
Q

What environment are organisms with cell walls in?

A

Hypotonic environment

28
Q

Turgid pressure

A

When a cel wall expands to its max capacity due to water intake, eating back pressure on the cell

29
Q

Turgid cell (2)

A

When a cell wall is firm

The healthiest state for plant cellsb

30
Q

Flaccid state (2)

A

When a cell with a cell wall is in an isotonic environment

No water entering the cell, making it limp

31
Q

Plasmolysis (2)

A

When a plant with a cell wall is in a hypertonic environment

Loses water, shrivels, and membranes pull away from the cell wall

32
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Passive diffusion with the help of transport proteins

33
Q

Gated channels

A

Ion channels that open or close in response to stimuli like electrical

34
Q

ATP and active transport (2)

A

ATP transfers it’s terminal phosphate group directly to the transport protein

Protein changes shape so that a molecule can bind to it

35
Q

Sodium potassium pump (2)

A

Pumps three sodium out and 2 potassium in to maintain a high potassium concentration and lower sodium concentration in the cell

Maintains a negative charge

36
Q

Voltage (2)

A

Electrical potential energy/ separation of opposite charge

Cytoplasmic side is negative in charge

37
Q

Membrane potential

A

Voltage across a membrane

Ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts

Acts as a battery to provide an energy source that affects transport

Favors passive transport of cations into the cell

38
Q

Electrochemical gradient (3)

A

Two forces driving the diffusion of ions across the membrane

The two forces include a chemical and electrical force

Active transport may be necessary when electrical force is oppose the concentration

39
Q

Electrogenic pump

A

A transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane

40
Q

Proton pump and where is it found?

A

A protein that actively transports protons out of the cell

Found in plants, fungi, bacteria

41
Q

What is Cotransport?

A

A transport protein, coupling, passive diffusion, followed by an active diffusion

42
Q

Exocytosis

A

Secretion of certain molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

43
Q

Endocytosis (3)

A

Celtics in molecules and a particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane

A small area of the membrane sinks inward to form a pocket

The pocket than deepens punches and forms a vesicle

44
Q

Ligand

A

Any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site on another molecule

45
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A cell engulfing, a particle by extending psuedopodia around it, and packages it within a food vacuole

And then they just after the vacuole fuses with a lysosome

46
Q

Pinocytosis

A

I saw gulps and fluids into vesicles formed by infolding of a plasma membrane

Nonspecific

47
Q

Receptor mediated Endocytosis

A

Type of Pinocytosis to acquire, book quantity of a specific substance

BI157 (21 decks)

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