Fields: Intro Integumentary System Flashcards
germ layer that forms epidermis
ectoderm
germ layer that forms dermis
mesoderm
development of epidermis where ectoderm forms periderm
1-2 months
this is a greasy substance that prevents fluid loss; formed in first 2 months of epidermis development
Vernix Caseosa
development stage of epidermis where epidermis is developed and then periderm starts shedding
2.5-5 months
stage of epidermis development where periderm is completely shed
6 months
happens when periderm remains at birth
collodion baby
addition of new cell layers
stratification
skin cells that form the epidermis
keratinocytes
length of travel for keratinocytes and then what happens when they finish their passage
4 weeks; desquamation
4 signaling molecules that stimulate proliferation of new cell layers
TNF
EGF
FGF
TGFalpha
signaling molecule that decreases proliferation of new cell layers
TGFbeta
congenital anomaly caused by excessive keratinization and sweat glands fail to develop; high fevers
Hypohidronic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED)
type of hypohidronic ectodermal dysplasia caused by gene mutation where you can still live normal life, just no cure
Lamellar Ichthyosis
a group of skin disorders that lead to dry, itchy skin that appears scaly, rough, and red
Ichthyosis
a type of hypohidronic ectodermal dysplasia due to gene mutation where there’s only a 2 month life expectancy
Harlequin Fetus
normal amount of time for skin to shed
28-40 days
example of excessive keratinization where skin sheds weekly; autoimmune disorder
Plaque Psoriasis
most diverse epidermal layer; contains not only keratinocytes, but also melanocytes and merkel cells
stratum basale
stratum basale is also called what b/c stem cells are produced there
stratum germinativum
this is caused by mutation in laminin 5, which attaches stratum basale to basement memebrane
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
epidermis still intact but separated from dermis and blisters (bulla) all over body
JEB (junctional epidermolysis bullosa)
cells that reside in stratum basale and produce melanin
melanocytes
free nerve cell terminals in palmar and plantar epidermis that reside in stratum basale
merkel cells
derived from bone marrow/sclerotome and involved in cell-mediated immunity; migrates to stratum spinosum
Langerhan’s cells
transports tyrosine to melanocyte
p-protein
converts tyrosine into melanin in the melanocyte
tyrosinase
AR
OCA1 deficiency: tyrosinase negative (no melanin production)
oculocutaneous albinism type 1
AR
mutation in OCA2: P-protein defect (so no transport of tyrosine); still makes some melanin
oculocutaneous albinism type 2
this disorder fails to produce melanin in patches; onset at birth;
midline;
gene mutation
Piebaldism
this disorder fails to produce melanin in patches b/c loss of melanocytes;
onset later in life;
autoimmune disorder;
splotchy
Vitiligo
fine hair in fetus
lanugo downy hair
sebum mixes w/ periderm in the fetus to form this greasy substance
vernix caseosa
absence of nail development
anonychia
lanugo downy hair (fine hair) is associated with what disorder in adults
anorexia nervosa
outgrowth of hair shaft
sebaceous gland
this cell is of neural crest origin
melanocyte
hair bulb and shaft, epidermal root sheath of hair follicle, sweat gland, sebaceous gland all derived from what germ layer
ectoderm
fibroblast, dermal root sheath of hair follicle, arrector pili muscle, blood vessels, collagen/elastin, and fat cells all derived from what germ layer
mesoderm
complete or partial absence of ectodermal tissues
ectodermal dysplasia
type of ectodermal dysplasia that deals w/ sweat glands not able to develop
hypohidrotic ectoderm dysplasia
type of ectodermal dysplasia that deals with hair follicles failing to develop properly
alopecia
excessive ectodermal tissue
ectoderm hyperplasia
type of ectoderm hyperplasia that deals with excess hair
hypertrichosis
how many primary/deciduous teeth
20
how many secondary/permanent teeth
32
downgrowth of oral epithelium that gives rise to tooth bud and enamel organ
dental lamina
gives rise to ameloblasts
enamel organ
produces enamel
ameloblasts
dental lamina, enamel, and ameloblasts come from what germ layer
ectoderm
gives rise to dental pulp
dental papillae
gives rise to odontoblasts
dental pulp
produces dentin
odontoblasts
neural crest cells give rise to what two “blasts”
odontoblasts and cementoblasts
leads to strong attachment of tooth to the bone
cementoblast
dentin not covered with enamel
amelogenesis imperfecta
failure of dentin formation
dentinogenesis imperfecta
brownish-yellow discoloration of teeth caused by
tetracycline
two vitamin deficiencies that cause discoloration of teeth
vitamin A and D
vitamin D deficiency can cause what two things:
celiac disease
lactose intolerance
downgrowth of basal layer and develops along milk line
mammary gland
is it normal if nipple is usually inverted at birth
YES
dermis contains:
blood vessels
fibroblasts
lymphatics
collagen
elastin
dermal ridge (fingerprint)
defect in collagen
stretched skin and hypermobile joints
Ehlers-Danlos
vascular tumor as a result of excessive capillary growth
hemangioma
hemangioma that deals with excessive capillary growth and is a birthmark (both sides of face)
Nevus vascularis
hemangioma on one side of face; excessive capillary growth
Port-wine stain hemangioma
failure of lymphatic system to properly develop; doesn’t get fluid back into vascular system
cystic lymphangioma/cystic hygromas
