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MSK Biweekly Exam 1 > Fields: Intro Integumentary System > Flashcards

Fields: Intro Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

germ layer that forms epidermis

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

germ layer that forms dermis

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

development of epidermis where ectoderm forms periderm

A

1-2 months

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4
Q

this is a greasy substance that prevents fluid loss; formed in first 2 months of epidermis development

A

Vernix Caseosa

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5
Q

development stage of epidermis where epidermis is developed and then periderm starts shedding

A

2.5-5 months

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6
Q

stage of epidermis development where periderm is completely shed

A

6 months

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7
Q

happens when periderm remains at birth

A

collodion baby

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8
Q

addition of new cell layers

A

stratification

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9
Q

skin cells that form the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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10
Q

length of travel for keratinocytes and then what happens when they finish their passage

A

4 weeks; desquamation

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11
Q

4 signaling molecules that stimulate proliferation of new cell layers

A

TNF
EGF
FGF
TGFalpha

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12
Q

signaling molecule that decreases proliferation of new cell layers

A

TGFbeta

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13
Q

congenital anomaly caused by excessive keratinization and sweat glands fail to develop; high fevers

A

Hypohidronic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED)

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14
Q

type of hypohidronic ectodermal dysplasia caused by gene mutation where you can still live normal life, just no cure

A

Lamellar Ichthyosis

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15
Q

a group of skin disorders that lead to dry, itchy skin that appears scaly, rough, and red

A

Ichthyosis

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16
Q

a type of hypohidronic ectodermal dysplasia due to gene mutation where there’s only a 2 month life expectancy

A

Harlequin Fetus

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17
Q

normal amount of time for skin to shed

A

28-40 days

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18
Q

example of excessive keratinization where skin sheds weekly; autoimmune disorder

A

Plaque Psoriasis

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19
Q

most diverse epidermal layer; contains not only keratinocytes, but also melanocytes and merkel cells

A

stratum basale

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20
Q

stratum basale is also called what b/c stem cells are produced there

A

stratum germinativum

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21
Q

this is caused by mutation in laminin 5, which attaches stratum basale to basement memebrane

A

junctional epidermolysis bullosa

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22
Q

epidermis still intact but separated from dermis and blisters (bulla) all over body

A

JEB (junctional epidermolysis bullosa)

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23
Q

cells that reside in stratum basale and produce melanin

A

melanocytes

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24
Q

free nerve cell terminals in palmar and plantar epidermis that reside in stratum basale

A

merkel cells

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25
Q

derived from bone marrow/sclerotome and involved in cell-mediated immunity; migrates to stratum spinosum

A

Langerhan’s cells

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26
Q

transports tyrosine to melanocyte

A

p-protein

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27
Q

converts tyrosine into melanin in the melanocyte

A

tyrosinase

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28
Q

AR
OCA1 deficiency: tyrosinase negative (no melanin production)

A

oculocutaneous albinism type 1

29
Q

AR
mutation in OCA2: P-protein defect (so no transport of tyrosine); still makes some melanin

A

oculocutaneous albinism type 2

30
Q

this disorder fails to produce melanin in patches; onset at birth;
midline;
gene mutation

A

Piebaldism

31
Q

this disorder fails to produce melanin in patches b/c loss of melanocytes;
onset later in life;
autoimmune disorder;
splotchy

A

Vitiligo

32
Q

fine hair in fetus

A

lanugo downy hair

33
Q

sebum mixes w/ periderm in the fetus to form this greasy substance

A

vernix caseosa

34
Q

absence of nail development

A

anonychia

35
Q

lanugo downy hair (fine hair) is associated with what disorder in adults

A

anorexia nervosa

36
Q

outgrowth of hair shaft

A

sebaceous gland

37
Q

this cell is of neural crest origin

A

melanocyte

38
Q

hair bulb and shaft, epidermal root sheath of hair follicle, sweat gland, sebaceous gland all derived from what germ layer

A

ectoderm

39
Q

fibroblast, dermal root sheath of hair follicle, arrector pili muscle, blood vessels, collagen/elastin, and fat cells all derived from what germ layer

A

mesoderm

40
Q

complete or partial absence of ectodermal tissues

A

ectodermal dysplasia

41
Q

type of ectodermal dysplasia that deals w/ sweat glands not able to develop

A

hypohidrotic ectoderm dysplasia

42
Q

type of ectodermal dysplasia that deals with hair follicles failing to develop properly

A

alopecia

43
Q

excessive ectodermal tissue

A

ectoderm hyperplasia

44
Q

type of ectoderm hyperplasia that deals with excess hair

A

hypertrichosis

45
Q

how many primary/deciduous teeth

A

20

46
Q

how many secondary/permanent teeth

A

32

47
Q

downgrowth of oral epithelium that gives rise to tooth bud and enamel organ

A

dental lamina

48
Q

gives rise to ameloblasts

A

enamel organ

49
Q

produces enamel

A

ameloblasts

50
Q

dental lamina, enamel, and ameloblasts come from what germ layer

A

ectoderm

51
Q

gives rise to dental pulp

A

dental papillae

52
Q

gives rise to odontoblasts

A

dental pulp

53
Q

produces dentin

A

odontoblasts

54
Q

neural crest cells give rise to what two “blasts”

A

odontoblasts and cementoblasts

55
Q

leads to strong attachment of tooth to the bone

A

cementoblast

56
Q

dentin not covered with enamel

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

57
Q

failure of dentin formation

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

58
Q

brownish-yellow discoloration of teeth caused by

A

tetracycline

59
Q

two vitamin deficiencies that cause discoloration of teeth

A

vitamin A and D

60
Q

vitamin D deficiency can cause what two things:

A

celiac disease
lactose intolerance

61
Q

downgrowth of basal layer and develops along milk line

A

mammary gland

62
Q

is it normal if nipple is usually inverted at birth

A

YES

63
Q

dermis contains:

A

blood vessels
fibroblasts
lymphatics
collagen
elastin
dermal ridge (fingerprint)

64
Q

defect in collagen
stretched skin and hypermobile joints

A

Ehlers-Danlos

65
Q

vascular tumor as a result of excessive capillary growth

A

hemangioma

66
Q

hemangioma that deals with excessive capillary growth and is a birthmark (both sides of face)

A

Nevus vascularis

67
Q

hemangioma on one side of face; excessive capillary growth

A

Port-wine stain hemangioma

68
Q

failure of lymphatic system to properly develop; doesn’t get fluid back into vascular system

A

cystic lymphangioma/cystic hygromas

MSK Biweekly Exam 1 (11 decks)

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