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MSK Biweekly Exam 1 > Al-Mehdi Rhabdomyolysis > Flashcards

Al-Mehdi Rhabdomyolysis Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal muscle breakdown due to trauma or ATP depletion

A

Rhabdomyolysis

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2
Q

5-10% of all acute kidney injury is due to this

A

rhabdomyolysis

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3
Q

what is released from rhabdomyocytes that causes acute kidney injury

A

myoglobin

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4
Q

K+ release from rhabdomyocytes causes

A

hyperkalemia

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5
Q

Ca2+ uptake into rhabdomyocytes causes

A

hypocalcemia

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6
Q

myalgia, tenderness, and muscle weakness are what features of rhabdomyolysis

A

local

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7
Q

tea-colored urine is what feature of rhabdomyolysis

A

systemic

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8
Q

specific pathology of rhabdomyolysis that leads to small amount of urine

A

Oliguria

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9
Q

sign of severe rhabdomyolysis that leads to uremic encephalopathy which lead to mental status changes

A

hyperuricemia

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10
Q

occurs in muscle groups (fascia); trauma releases fluid from cell; sensory abnormalities due to nerve compression

A

compartment syndrome

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11
Q

main labs of rhabdomyolysis (3)

A

increased CK-MM
increased creatinine
acidosis

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12
Q

main sign of rhabdomyolysis

A

myoglobinuria

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13
Q

what 3 things does elevated CK entail

A

Rhabdomyolysis, myocardial infarction, and muscular dystrophy

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14
Q

can lead to cardiac arrest, peaked T waves on ECGs, muscle paralysis

A

hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

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15
Q

to treat hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

A

calcium gluconate (reduces firing)
albuterol and insulin (increases Na/K ATPase to put K back in cell)

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16
Q

painless total body muscle weakness; mutation in L-type VGCC, increase in epi and insulin which brings K in cell

A

hypokalemic periodic paralysis

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17
Q

to treat hypokalemic periodic paralysis

A

PO K+

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18
Q

most specific test to do for rhabdomyolysis but its cost expensive and not readily available

A

myoglobin testing

19
Q

these two things contain heme (blood)

A

myoglobin and hemoglobin

20
Q

pink serum + urine positive for heme (blood)

A

hemolysis

21
Q

serum NOT pink + urine positive for heme (blood)

A

rhabdomyolysis

22
Q

proximal tubular necrosis and distal tubule obstruction cause

A

acute kidney failure

23
Q

will BUN levels increase or decrease in rhabdomyolysis

A

decrease

24
Q

neutral charge small molecule: (filtered or not)

A

all filtered

25
Q

positive charge small molecule like myoglobin: (filtered or not)

A

all filtered

26
Q

positive charge large molecule: (filtered or no)

A

some filtered

27
Q

negative charge large molecule: (filtered or no)

A

barely filtered

28
Q

main isoform of creatine kinase in skeletal muscle

A

CK-MM

29
Q

most sensitive test to confirm rhabdomyolysis

A

CK-MM

30
Q

myopathy and hepatitis are side effects of what drug for rhabdomyolysis

A

statins

31
Q

only statin that doesn’t have SE of myopathy and hepatitis for rhabdomyolysis

A

Pravastatin

32
Q

a statin and its inhibitor like grapefruit juice can lead to what

A

rhabdomyolysis

33
Q

1st line of treatment for rhabdomyolysis that filters proximal tubule

A

normal saline

34
Q

2 things used to alkalinize urine and protect distal tubule

A

NaCHO3 (sodium bicarbonate) + acetazolamide

35
Q

number in mM that is a threat of cardiac arrest

A

> 8.5

36
Q

hyperkalemia lowers or brings resting potential up

A

brings it up (will depolarize membrane)

37
Q

lowers threshold to be closer to resting potential and increases firing

A

hypocalcemia

38
Q

raises threshold and makes it harder to depolarize cell

A

hypercalcemia

39
Q

treatment of hyperkalemia that does not affect plasma K+ levels

A

calcium gluconate

40
Q

what increases K+ excretion

A

dialysis

41
Q

what brings K+ back into the cell, lowering serum K+ levels

A

albuterol and insulin

42
Q

to treat hypocalcemia

A

diuresis (fluid + diuretics)

43
Q

what NOT to treat hypocalcemia with

A

Ca2+

MSK Biweekly Exam 1 (11 decks)

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