Alexeyev Integumentary System Flashcards
main function of skin
barrier and temperature regulation
skin on palms and soles of feet; eccrine sweat gland only; NO hair
thick skin
skin that grows hair; eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands
thin skin
epidermal layer present only in thick skin
stratum lucidum
cells are attached together by what
desmosomes
cells are attached to basement membrane by what
hemidesmosomes
inner and outer dense plaques are attached together by what
desmoplakin
blisters itchy and NOT painful; Ab’s against desmoglein 1
Nikolsky’s sign +
pemphigus foliaceus
pemphigus foliaceus deals with disruption of cell-cell membrane known as
acantholysis
to treat pemphigus foliaceus
immunosuppressants;mAbs
Painful, but NOT itchy blisters; Ab’s against desmoglein-3
Nikolsky’s sign +
Pemphigus vulgaris
connects inner plaque to outer plaque
Dystonin (BP230)
connects outer plaque to plasma membrane
collagen XVII (BP180)
Nikolsky’s sign -
Ab’s against Dystonin (BP230) and collagen XVII (BP180)
fluid filled blisters
Bullous pemphigoid
most common skin cancer
“pearly”
easily treated if caught early
basaloid cells w/ peripheral, palisading nuclei
Basal cell carcinoma
basaloid cells w/ peripheral, palisading nuclei
BCC
epidermal layer that has many layers and contains lamellar bodies
stratum spinosum
1-3 layers thick and is composed of keratohyalin granules
stratum granulosum
2 things keratohyalin granules are composed of in stratum granulosum layer
filaggrin and trichohyalin
layer that has dead cells that will desquamate
stratum corneum
excessive desquamation happens when the balance b/t what two things is disrupted
protease and inhibitor
protein that binds to protease and make it inactive and is encoded by SPINK5
LEKTI
increased SPINK5 domains leads to what syndrome
peeling skin syndrome
water barrier formation has what 2 envelopes
cell and lipid
cell envelope of water barrier is made 80% of
loricin
lipid envelope of water barrier is made 50% of
acylglucosyl ceramide
most common form of ichthyosis; associated w/ asthma and eczema, hay fever
Ichthyosis vulgaris
10% of population of mutation in this gene leading to ichthyosis vulgaris
profilaggrin
most severe form of congenital ichthyosis
harlequin ichthyosis
characterized by lamellar bodies and mutation in ABCA12
harlequin ichthyosis
for lamellar ichthyosis, 90% of mutations are in
transglutaminase
defined by red patches covered by silvery, flaky scales and Auspitz sign
Psoriasis
50% of psoriasis mutations happen in this loci
PSORS1
to treat psoriasis
immunosuppressors, corticosteroids, mabs
monoclonal antibody that is a TNFalpha receptor used to treat psoriasis
Etanercept
without this, stratum corneum would be brittle
natural moisturizing factor
3 factors determine skin color:
melanin
carotene
hemoglobin and its products
color of skin that deals with melanin degradation in melanosomes
pale skin
color of skin when melanosomes persist much longer
dark skin
caused by loss of melanocytes in certain patches of skin
vitiligo
pale cytoplasm with irregular nucleus w/ rod-shaped Birbeck granules
Langerhan cells
clonal proliferation of langerhans cells
langerhan cell histiocytosis
diagnostic: cells + for CD1a, S100, CD207
langerhan cell histiocytosis
mechanoreceptor that responds to light touch, texture, braille
merkel cells
markers for this include cytokeratin 20 (epidermal) and enolase, neurofilament (neural)
merkel cells
this cell contains neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm
merkel cells
Langer’s and Kraissl’s lines
useful in surgery and have better healing
(langers for cadavers, kraissls for live humans)
what is between epidermis and dermis
interdigitation
most lethal skin cancer
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
diagnostic for merkel cell carcinoma:
cytokeratin 20
neurofilament
enolase
2 layers of dermis
papillary (right by dermal papillae) and reticular (most of the dermis)
2 main parts of hair
follicle and shaft
hair follicle contains 3 parts:
sheaths
bulb
papilla
hair shaft contains 3 parts
(middle to outside)
medulla
cortex
cuticle
what surrounds hair shaft
inner and outer sheaths
difference between internal and external root sheaths of hair
external (outer) reaches surface
houses stem cells and takes part in healing the epidermis after a burn
hair bulge
2 glands that open in hair follicle
sebaceous and apocrine sweat gland
gland that deals with holocrine secretion (whole cell as secretory product)
sebaceous gland
gland that opens at the free surface
eccrine sweat gland
these 2 glands deal with merocrine secretion (exocytosis)
eccrine and apocrine sweat glands
this portion of eccrine sweat glands contains clear and dark cells
secretory portion
part of eccrine sweat gland that opens at free surface
ducts
clear cells of eccrine sweat glands contain
glycogen
dark cells of eccrine sweat glands are close to what
the lumen
this sweat gland has protein/steroid secretion in response to emotional and sensory stimuli
apocrine sweat gland
have much larger lumen than eccrine sweat glands and also deals with odor and pheromones
apocrine sweat gland
nail bed consists of what two epidermal layers
stratum basale and spinosum
nail structure
senses light touch and texture
Meissner’s corpuscle
senses vibration and heavy pressure
pacinian corpuscle
senses touch
Meissner’s corpuscle
senses stretch
Ruffini corpuscle
mechanoreceptor and cold receptor
end bulb of Krause
thickening of epidermis
acanthosis
breakdown of epidermis
acantholysis
