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MSK Biweekly Exam 1 > Alexeyev Integumentary System > Flashcards

Alexeyev Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

main function of skin

A

barrier and temperature regulation

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2
Q

skin on palms and soles of feet; eccrine sweat gland only; NO hair

A

thick skin

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3
Q

skin that grows hair; eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands

A

thin skin

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4
Q

epidermal layer present only in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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5
Q

cells are attached together by what

A

desmosomes

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6
Q

cells are attached to basement membrane by what

A

hemidesmosomes

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7
Q

inner and outer dense plaques are attached together by what

A

desmoplakin

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8
Q

blisters itchy and NOT painful; Ab’s against desmoglein 1
Nikolsky’s sign +

A

pemphigus foliaceus

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9
Q

pemphigus foliaceus deals with disruption of cell-cell membrane known as

A

acantholysis

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10
Q

to treat pemphigus foliaceus

A

immunosuppressants;mAbs

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11
Q

Painful, but NOT itchy blisters; Ab’s against desmoglein-3
Nikolsky’s sign +

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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12
Q

connects inner plaque to outer plaque

A

Dystonin (BP230)

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13
Q

connects outer plaque to plasma membrane

A

collagen XVII (BP180)

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14
Q

Nikolsky’s sign -
Ab’s against Dystonin (BP230) and collagen XVII (BP180)
fluid filled blisters

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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15
Q

most common skin cancer
“pearly”
easily treated if caught early
basaloid cells w/ peripheral, palisading nuclei

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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16
Q

basaloid cells w/ peripheral, palisading nuclei

A

BCC

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17
Q

epidermal layer that has many layers and contains lamellar bodies

A

stratum spinosum

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18
Q

1-3 layers thick and is composed of keratohyalin granules

A

stratum granulosum

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19
Q

2 things keratohyalin granules are composed of in stratum granulosum layer

A

filaggrin and trichohyalin

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20
Q

layer that has dead cells that will desquamate

A

stratum corneum

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21
Q

excessive desquamation happens when the balance b/t what two things is disrupted

A

protease and inhibitor

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22
Q

protein that binds to protease and make it inactive and is encoded by SPINK5

A

LEKTI

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23
Q

increased SPINK5 domains leads to what syndrome

A

peeling skin syndrome

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24
Q

water barrier formation has what 2 envelopes

A

cell and lipid

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25
Q

cell envelope of water barrier is made 80% of

A

loricin

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26
Q

lipid envelope of water barrier is made 50% of

A

acylglucosyl ceramide

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27
Q

most common form of ichthyosis; associated w/ asthma and eczema, hay fever

A

Ichthyosis vulgaris

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28
Q

10% of population of mutation in this gene leading to ichthyosis vulgaris

A

profilaggrin

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29
Q

most severe form of congenital ichthyosis

A

harlequin ichthyosis

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30
Q

characterized by lamellar bodies and mutation in ABCA12

A

harlequin ichthyosis

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31
Q

for lamellar ichthyosis, 90% of mutations are in

A

transglutaminase

32
Q

defined by red patches covered by silvery, flaky scales and Auspitz sign

A

Psoriasis

33
Q

50% of psoriasis mutations happen in this loci

A

PSORS1

34
Q

to treat psoriasis

A

immunosuppressors, corticosteroids, mabs

35
Q

monoclonal antibody that is a TNFalpha receptor used to treat psoriasis

A

Etanercept

36
Q

without this, stratum corneum would be brittle

A

natural moisturizing factor

37
Q

3 factors determine skin color:

A

melanin
carotene
hemoglobin and its products

38
Q

color of skin that deals with melanin degradation in melanosomes

A

pale skin

39
Q

color of skin when melanosomes persist much longer

A

dark skin

40
Q

caused by loss of melanocytes in certain patches of skin

A

vitiligo

41
Q

pale cytoplasm with irregular nucleus w/ rod-shaped Birbeck granules

A

Langerhan cells

42
Q

clonal proliferation of langerhans cells

A

langerhan cell histiocytosis

43
Q

diagnostic: cells + for CD1a, S100, CD207

A

langerhan cell histiocytosis

44
Q

mechanoreceptor that responds to light touch, texture, braille

A

merkel cells

45
Q

markers for this include cytokeratin 20 (epidermal) and enolase, neurofilament (neural)

A

merkel cells

45
Q

this cell contains neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm

A

merkel cells

45
Q

Langer’s and Kraissl’s lines

A

useful in surgery and have better healing
(langers for cadavers, kraissls for live humans)

45
Q

what is between epidermis and dermis

A

interdigitation

45
Q

most lethal skin cancer

A

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

45
Q

diagnostic for merkel cell carcinoma:

A

cytokeratin 20
neurofilament
enolase

45
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

papillary (right by dermal papillae) and reticular (most of the dermis)

45
Q

2 main parts of hair

A

follicle and shaft

46
Q

hair follicle contains 3 parts:

A

sheaths
bulb
papilla

47
Q

hair shaft contains 3 parts

A

(middle to outside)
medulla
cortex
cuticle

48
Q

what surrounds hair shaft

A

inner and outer sheaths

49
Q

difference between internal and external root sheaths of hair

A

external (outer) reaches surface

50
Q

houses stem cells and takes part in healing the epidermis after a burn

A

hair bulge

51
Q

2 glands that open in hair follicle

A

sebaceous and apocrine sweat gland

52
Q

gland that deals with holocrine secretion (whole cell as secretory product)

A

sebaceous gland

53
Q

gland that opens at the free surface

A

eccrine sweat gland

54
Q

these 2 glands deal with merocrine secretion (exocytosis)

A

eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

55
Q

this portion of eccrine sweat glands contains clear and dark cells

A

secretory portion

56
Q

part of eccrine sweat gland that opens at free surface

A

ducts

57
Q

clear cells of eccrine sweat glands contain

A

glycogen

58
Q

dark cells of eccrine sweat glands are close to what

A

the lumen

59
Q

this sweat gland has protein/steroid secretion in response to emotional and sensory stimuli

A

apocrine sweat gland

60
Q

have much larger lumen than eccrine sweat glands and also deals with odor and pheromones

A

apocrine sweat gland

61
Q

nail bed consists of what two epidermal layers

A

stratum basale and spinosum

62
Q

nail structure

A
63
Q

senses light touch and texture

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

64
Q

senses vibration and heavy pressure

A

pacinian corpuscle

65
Q

senses touch

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

66
Q

senses stretch

A

Ruffini corpuscle

67
Q

mechanoreceptor and cold receptor

A

end bulb of Krause

68
Q

thickening of epidermis

A

acanthosis

69
Q

breakdown of epidermis

A

acantholysis

MSK Biweekly Exam 1 (11 decks)

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