Fiber Flashcards by Brian Louchen

EDFA

Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

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Similar to loose tube, this type of cable has ribbons that are contained in buffer tubes

Ribbon Stranded

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A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light

Photosensitive Card

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The wavelength range of visible light

390nm to 780nm

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OCEF

Optical Cable Entry Facility

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What is the formula to convert dB to mW?

mW = 10^(dB/10)

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The two means of splicing fiber optic cable

Fusion Splicing

Mechanical Splicing

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APC

Angle Polish Connector

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Monitoring Center for high-speed data and telephony. Technical customer service calls are escalated here for investigation and network troubleshooting

Network Operation Center (NOC)

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Generated during the node certification showing the fiber performance when first activated. It is a document used to compare old test results to new test results

Node Birth Certificate.

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The diameter of the glass cladding

125 microns

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A device that scores then breaks the optical fiber to prepare it for splicing

Cleaver

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Radiated light created in the same direction at the same time

Coherent Light

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Where the connector end of the pigtail is connected to the laser. Provides a neat and orderly method of managing the patch cords.

Patch Panel

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The two ways a fusion splicer lines up the fiber ends in order to get the best possible splice.

Local Injection and Detection (LID)
Profile Alignment

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Standard Connector

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Silicon photodiodes are sensitive to light in the range of

400 to 1000nm

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What is Comcast’s maximum allowed loss through a fusion splice?

0.05dpB

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The ideal optical power level at a receiver input is

0dBm

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The ratio of the velocity of light of two mediums of optical glass

Refractive Index

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UPC

Ultra Polish Connector

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Most light generated by lasers for telecommunications exist in this light band

Infrared band

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Theoretically, how many wavelengths can be carried on a single fiber using DWDM?

2 to 128

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A device used to test for dicontinuities (impedance mismatches) on coaxial cables

Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)

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Used to detect light from an optical fiber and convert the light to an electrical source

Photodiode

A jumper cable for optical connectors

Pigtail

This laser generates only one wavelength at it's output

Distributive Feedback Laser (DFB)

The ratio of the velocity of light of two mediums of optical glass

Refractive Index

Enables different wavelengths to be carried on a single optical fiber

WDM (Wave Division Multiplexing)

List the 5 laser classes

Class 1 Class 2/2A Class 3A Class 3B Class 4

Typical loss (in dB) of a fiber connector

0.5dB

A device used to wrap and store excess fiber optic cable in an aerial location

Snowshoe

Two types of fiber amplifiers

EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) YEDFA (Ytterbium Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier)

Formula to convert mW to dBm

dBm = 10log(mW)

An electronic or optical process that combines several individual signals or wavelengths into a single carrier or path.

Multiplexing

Type of cable consisting of larger buffer tubes with the fibers inside, surrounded by fiberglass water block tape, armor, two steel strength members and a jacket

Unitube

a trillion Hertz or 1,000 gighertz

Terahertz

Similar to loose tube, this type of cable consists of buffer tubes surrounded by a fiberglass wrap and two steel strength members on each side molded into the jacket.

Flex Tube

The most basic laser and consists of two pieces of semiconductor material with an active layer between them

Fabry-Perot Laser

Central data point communicating with endpoints of a network. All data communications must flow through the central point.

Star

Test equipment used to visually see the losses, breaks and distance measurements in an optical fiber

OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)

Fiber loss is expressed in this manner

dB/km (decibels per kilometer)

A network of devices connected together in a circular communication link

Ring

A board for making optical connections consisting of sleeves used to line up two connectors

Patch Panel

Used to measure transmitter outputs and receiver inputs

Optical Power Meter

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a center wavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber

DWDM (Dense Wave Division Multiplexing)

Output of a YEDFA

22dBm

How far back should the fibers be stripped?

1-1/2 to 2 inches

Typical loss (in dB) of a mechanical splice

0.25dB

Allows only a single mode of light to propagate through the fiber core

Single Mode Fiber

Light that is reflected back to the source and contributes to the optical fiber loss

Backscattered Light

A special optical fiber connector used in gigabit Ethernet Devices that uses fibers in pairs with LC and/or SC.

LCSC

The three types of optical power meters

Silicon (Si) Germanium (GE) Indium-Gallium-Arsenide (InGaAs)

A connection point in a cable system where a fiber enters a neighborhood and the optical signal is converted to an electrical signal

Node

How many feet is equal to 1km

3300 ft

Is a water-resistant enclosure that is intended for storing trays of optical fiber splices between incoming outside plant fiber cables and the inside fiber cables going to the fiber patch panels.

OCEF (Optical Cable Entry Facility)

This cable configuration is the same as unitube, except fibers are arranged side by side

Ribbon

Ferruled Connector

Attenuation of the wavelength 1310nm per kilometer

.35 dB/km

Method of joining two optical fibers of the same type using an electrical arc to form a precision splice

Fusion Splice

YEDFA

Ytterbium Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

The twelve fiber and buffer tube colors in order:

1. Blue 2. Orange 3. Green 4. Brown 5. Slate 6. White 7. Red 8. Black 9. Yellow 10. Violet 11. Rose 12. Aqua

The three most important procedures to insure a good splice

Proper Cleaning Proper Cleave Controlled Break

This is the sum of all the losses associated with a fiber link between the optical fiber transmitter and the optical fiber receiver

Loss Budget

5 types of fiber connections

FC (Ferruled Connector) SC (Standard Connector) UPC (Ultra Polish Connector) APC (Angle Polish Connector) LCSC

Output gain of an EDFA

Over 40dB Possible

Used to visually see the losses, breaks and distance measurements in an optical fiber link

OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)

One billion cycles per second or 1 billion Hertz

Gigahertz

In DWDM, the wavelengths are this far apart

0.8nm or 100GHz

Attenuation of the wavelength 1550nm per kilometer

.25 dB/km

Color-Coded tubes that house and protect the optical fibers within a fiber optic cable.

Buffer Tubes

A method used to lock and mark one end of a line in order to allow someone to safely work on the other end

Lockout Tag-out

Typical loss (in dB) of a fusion splice

0.1dB

The distance that cannot be seen by the OTDR because the initial pulse doesn't create enough backscattered light and "hides" the first several hundred feet of cable.

Dead Zone

The preferred method of fiber optic splicing

Fusion Splicing

This type of fiber optic cable consists of a single strength member in the center surrounded by color-coded buffer tubers, which contain fibers that are also color-coded.

Loose Tube

A temporary joining of two optical fibers of the same type using a plastic form to hold and lock fibers together.

Mechanical Splice

The gel from buffer tubes should be cleaned with what?

Isopropyl Alcohol that is at least 90% pure

To prevent stress on the fiber, cable manufacturers put about 1% more fiber in the cable than the length of the cable itself, to allow for some stretch. What is this called?

Lay Loss Factor

Used to locate faults in jumpers and pigtails

Visible fault locator

A Photodiode used to detect light from an optical fiber and converts the light to an electrical source

PIN Diode

When was the Optical Fiber laser invented

in 1958 at Bell Labs

RIN

Relative intensity Noise

The interface between the Headend (Hub) and the RF Plant.

Node

Optical fiber with erbium, a rare earth material, added to the glass during the manufacturing process, to give fiber useful properties when properly lased

Doping

Attaches optical fiber from the device to an optical connector

Pigtail

The difference between transmitted and received power resulting from the loss through equipment, lines, or other transmission devices; usually expressed in decibels

Attenuation

The diameter of the fiber optic coating

250 microns

Allows many modes of light to propagate through the core.

Multi-Mode Fiber

Name the 5 most common fiber optic cable arrangements

Loose Tube Flex Tube Unitube Ribbon Ribbon Stranded

A cabinet or rack that houses the splices of the outside plant fiber to the inside headend, node or OTN fiber.

Splice Panel

The diameter range of the fiber optic core

8 to 10 micron

Extra fiber connected to the OTDR to make up for the dead zone.

Launch Cable

What does LASER stand for?

Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Optical splitter loss is based on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Percentages

Fiber amplifier that provides the greatest output gain

YEDFA (Ytterbium Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier)

Advantage of InGaAs over Ge detectors.

InGaAs are less noisy and allow measurements down to -65dBm.

Fibers are contained in a plastic tube much larger than the optical fibers. The fibers can move freely within the tube.

Loose Tube

A photo diode used to detect light from an optical fiber and convert the light to an electrical source

PIN Diode