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Pharmacology > Fertility and Reproduction > Flashcards

Fertility and Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Sex Hormones/Gonadal Steroids

A
  1. Estrogen
    * Estradiol
    * Estrone
    * Estriol
  2. Progestin/Progesterone
  3. Androgen
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2
Q

Essential for normal female reproductive development

A

Estrogens

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3
Q

Estrogens Hormonal Action

A
  • Growth & development
  • Secondary Sex Characteristics
  • Affect mood & Emotions
  • Distribution of body fat
  • Enhance blood coagulation
  • Prevent osteoporosis
  • Cholesterol
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4
Q

Major ovarian estrogen in women; most potent estrogen produced & secreted by the ovary

A

Estradiol

Principle estrogen in the premenopausal womem

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5
Q

Primary circulating estrogen after menopause

A

Estrone

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6
Q

Present during pregnancy, the principal estrogen produce by placenta

A

Estriol

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7
Q

The major progestin in humans produced in response to luteinizing hormone (LH) by both females & males

A

Progesterone

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8
Q

Hormonal Actions of Progesterone

A
  • Emotional State
  • Cholesterol
  • Increase basal body temp
  • Has mineralocorticoid properties
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9
Q

Responsible for thickening of endometrium lining that can accommodate implantation of a newly forming embryo (gestational hormone)

A

Progesterone

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10
Q

Have anabolic &/or musculinizing effects in both males & females

A

Androgen

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11
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A
  1. Follicular Phase
    Development of estrogen-secreting follicle develops
    High Estrogen, Very low Progesterone
    Surge of LH, triggers ovulation
  2. Luteal Phase
    * 14 Days
    * From ovulation to start of period
    * Follicle becomes corpus luteum - secretes both estrogen and progesterone
    * Prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized egg
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12
Q

Pregnancy

A
  • Placenta produces Human chorionic gonadotropin
  • Placenta becomes prodominant source of progesterone
  • Progesterone maintains pregnancu & prevent endometrial sloughing
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13
Q

Estrogens

A

1. Natural Estrogen
* Estradiol
* Estrone
* Estriol

2. Synthetic Estrogen
Steroidal: Ethinyl Estradiol
Non-Steoidal: DES (Diethylstilbestrol)

3. Premarin

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14
Q

MOA of Estrogen

A

Activation of estrogen receptors leads to changes in the rates of transcription of estrogen-regulated genes (gene –activation)

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15
Q

A prodrug that is converted to ethinyl estradiol, contained in some contraceptives

A

Mestranol

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16
Q

Conjugated equine estrogen

A

Premarin

Hydrolysis: Equilin + Estrone

17
Q

Clinical Uses of Estrogen

A
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (Menopause)
  • Treatment of acne & Dysmenorrhea
  • Treat of heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Oral Contraception
  • Treatment of primary hypogonadism
18
Q

A/Es of Estrogens

A

If given alone: Endometrial Hyperplaseia (Mx: + Progesterone)
N/V, Headache
Edema
HPN
Thromboembolism

19
Q

Progestins

A
  • Progesterone
  • Norgestrel
  • Hydoxyprogesterone caproate
  • Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera®)
  • Megestrol Acetate

Synthetic Progestins
* Norgestrel
* Norgestimate
* Drospirenone

20
Q

MOA of Progestins

A

Activation of progesterone receptors leads to changes in the rates of transcription of progesterone-regulated genes

21
Q

Clinical Uses of Progestins

A
  • Treatment of Endometriosis
  • Treatment of Uterine Bleeding and Dysmenorrhea
  • Contraceptive

Breakthrough Bleeding - most common problem encountered in female patien

22
Q

Primary natural progestin in mammals

A

Progesterone

23
Q

Treatment of endometriosis

A

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)
* ORAL / IM

24
Q

Androgens

A

Testosterone
Methyltestosterone
Danazol
Menotropins

25
Q

Birth control pills that contain female sex hormones

A

Oral Contraceptive Pills

26
Q

Combination Pill

A
  • Estrogen (Ethinyl estradiol) + Progesterone
  • Reminder Pill
  • 21/28 tablets
27
Q

Trandermal Patch

A

Ethinyl Estradiol + Progestin (Norelgestromin)

28
Q

Progestin-only pills

A

Norethindrone Products
(Minipills)

29
Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Emergency Contraceptives
Prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex
72 hours after intercourse

30
Q

Vaginal Ring

A

Ethinyl Estradiol + Etonogestrel

31
Q

Progestin Implants

A

Norplant

32
Q

Progestin Intrauterine Device

A

Levorgestrel

33
Q

Post-coital Pills (Morning after pills)

A

High dose of progesterone, within 36 hours

34
Q

Injectable Contraceptives

A

Depo-provera® ( Methoxy progesterone acetate), q 3months

Pharmacology (26 decks)

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