Fermentation Of Carbohydrates Pg 81-84 Flashcards
Fermentation is an anaerobic form of
Respiration
Carbohydrates are organic molecules of various molecular weight which are composed of _____, ______, and _____.
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
In general, carbohydrates have the formula ________.
(CH2O)n
____ &____ are common carbohydrates
Sugars and starches
Bacteria may produce exoenzymes which are secreted ______ the cell to break down large carbohydrate molecules (polysaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides).
Outside
The primary monosaccharide for energy is glucose, however, alternative monosaccharides can be utilized, such as:
Ribose, fructose, and galactose, if glucose is absent or low in concentration.
The monosaccharides and disaccharides may be brought across the cell membrane by
Permeases (transfer enzymes) or by diffusion.
Once inside the cell, endoenzymes continue the molecular breakdown, releasing what into the cell?
Energy
Many bacteria are capable of fermentation. This is a process in which oxygen is not required, and there is an incomplete breakdown of food, such as:
Carbohydrates
In fermentation, the products are often an _______ or an ______ with or without CO2 (gas).
Acid or alcohol
Fermentation:
Sugar———> Pyruvic acid ———> ?
Various end products + ATP (mostly organic acids [sometimes alcohols] with or without CO2).
Why are these tests a good tool to identify certain bacteria?
Because not all bacteria ferment every carbohydrate.
Fermentation broths typically contain a specific carbohydrate, such as:
sucrose, glucose, lactose, or mannitol.
The broths also contain non fermentable nutrients, such as:
Proteins
If the bacteria use all of the carbohydrate or cannot use the carb, they may utilize a ____ as a source of energy, releasing amines which form weak bases in ____ solutions.
Protein
Water
