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Histo Exam 1 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

primordial follicles

A

primary oocyte surrounded by single squamous FOLLICULAR cells.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of primary preantral follicle

A
  • 1 layer of cuboidal granulosa cells,
  • primary oocyte secretes activin
  • multilaminar granulosa
  • zona pellucida (mucopolysaccharide as protective function and nutrients for oocyte)
  • theca cells
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3
Q

Secondary antral follicle

A

liquor folliculi

  • antrum formation
  • theca interna: contain cuboidal steroid-producing cells.
  • theca externa: Outer connective tissue
  • zona pellucida is distinct
  • blood vessels are in basement membrane and theca layer
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4
Q

mature or graafian follicles. size and definition?

A

(10 mm or greater)

-oocyte completes the first meiotic phase and becomes 2nd oocyte

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of a mature follicle?

A

englared antrum

  • cumulus oophorus
  • corona radiata
  • theca well developed
  • follicle reaches maximal size
  • stigma forms, thining of CT
  • LH surge causes 2ndary oocyte
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6
Q

What hormone stimulates granulosa cells to divide and use aromatiase to convert androgens to E2?

A

FSH

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7
Q

What hormone stimulates theca interna cells to divide and produce androgens?

A

LH

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8
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

LH causes ovulation by stimulating an enzyme causing stigma to rupture and oocyte to be released.

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9
Q

During corpus luteum formation, what are the main events that happen?

A
  • ruptured follicle collapses-clot forms in antrum
  • granulosa cells become vascularized
  • luteinization: LH stimulates transformation of ganulosa and theca interna cells into granulosa theca lutein cells
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10
Q

Granulosa cells in the CL produce what 2 hormones

A

estrogen and progesterone

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11
Q

theca cells in the CL produce what 2 hormones

A

progesterone and androgens

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12
Q

what is the life span of corpus luteum if pregnancy doesn’t occur? what is the cycle called?

A

10-14 days (nongravid cycle)

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13
Q

What happens to the parenchymal cells and CT when luteolysis occurs? Pregnancy hasnt occurred yet.

A

undergo fatty degeneration and CT becomes hyalinized, corpora albicans form.

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of corpora lutea?

A
  • menstruation: forms corpora albicans

- pregnancy (CL) becomes 2-4 cm and decreases in size about 8 weeks into pregnancy when placenta takes over.

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15
Q

___ acts as a negative feedback on FSH and LH

A

estrogen

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16
Q

what is the role of progesterone? what does it stimulate and inhibit?

A

stimulates secretion of uterine glands

  • inhibits spontaneous contraction of uterine musculature
  • promotes mammary gland development
  • inhibits gonadotropic releasing factors
  • acts with estrogen to prepare the reproductive organs for pregnancy
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17
Q

Inhibin (granulosa cells). What is its negative feedback and what does it cause?

A
  • feedback on FSH

- atresia of all developing FSH dependent follicles

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18
Q

Describe the effects of postmenopausal ovary. What happens to the oocytes and follicles, endocrine function, corpora albicans?

A
  • decrease in size-oocytes and follicles dissappear
  • becomes fibrous
  • endocrine function stops
  • copora albicans may persist for a long time
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19
Q

During the infantile phase in the ovary. primary oocytes are arrested in what state?

A

dictyotene prophase 1 of meiosis

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20
Q

What is the definition of a follicle?

A

oocyte, granulosa and theca layers

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21
Q

What is the covering of the ovary called. and what type of epithelium. What is the name of this surface lining called?

A

tunica albuginea and simple cubodial mesothelial. Germinal epithelium

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22
Q

atretic follicles can be recognized by:

A
  • disorganized, degenerating granulosa cells
  • hypertrophied and folded basement membrane.
  • degenerating oocyte
23
Q

In the fallopian tube, describe the structure of lamina propria.

A

thin, cellular

  • contains many blood vessels
  • no glands, no submucosa
24
Q

What is the structure wall of the mucosa layer in oviducts?

A
  • simple cilated columnar w/ secretory cells (peg)

- lamina propia

25
Q

What is the structure wall of the mucularis layer in the uterine tube? what happens to the thickness of the layer towards the uterus. What are the contraction waves simulated by?

A

irregular-2 layers

  • inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle.
  • increased thickness toward uterus
  • E2
26
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A

-trapping and transporting oocytes
-transport of sperm and site of fertilization
-

27
Q

What is the structure and function of ampulla?

A

mucosa is in elaborate folds

-site of fertilization

28
Q

Summarize important points of proliferative (5-14 days) phase. What tissues are involved? What happens to glycogen?

A

epithelium, uterine glands and connective tissue of functionalis rebuild and differentiation in the basalis.
-secretory cells start to accummulate glycogen; surface of endometrium is smooth.
coiled arteries lengthen and extend to midportion of endometrium.
-driven by estrogen

29
Q

Summarize important points of secretory (luteal) (15-28 days) phase. What tissues are involved? What happens to glycogen?

A

influenced by progesterone of corpus luteum.

  • endometrium becomes thickest.
  • uterine glands are coiled and lumens are sacculated due edema
  • glycogen moves to apex to be released in lumen.
  • veins form many distentions
30
Q

Summarize important points of menstrual (0-4 days) phase. What types of cells are involved? What happens the the stratum functionaliz and endometrium

A

Stratum functionalis degenerates due to necrosis caused by contraction of coiled arteries.

  • fribrinolysin
  • vaginal discharge
  • leukorrhea
  • endometrium recovers at the end of menstrual phase
31
Q

What is the cause of menstration?

A

decrease in E2 and progesterone due to atrophy of corpus lutem.

32
Q

What is the function of uterus

A
  • accommodation of embryo and fetus, protection and supply of nutrients
  • delivery of fetus at term due to contraction of myometrium under influence of oxytocin
33
Q

What type the epithelium in the endocervix and ectocervix

A

simple columnar with mucus-secreting cells

-change to stratified sqaumous nonkeratinized ate external os

34
Q

What happens to the mucosa layer of cervix during menstration

A

it doesn’t slough off

-

35
Q

What are the characteristics of endocervix?

A

-no spiral arteries, epithelial cells undergoes exfoliation into vagina

36
Q

describe the cyclic changes that occurs with the epithelium of the vagina

A
  • increase in epithelial thickness and glycogen accumulates. fermentation of G to lactic acid is responsible for the acid PH of vaginal fluid
  • decreased in thickness in 2nd half of cycle w/p replacement. thinning of epithelium permits increased # of lymphocytes
37
Q

labia majora contains what type of glands. and what homologue part in males?

A

sebaceous and aprocrine

- scrotum

38
Q

glands of Bartholin are made up of what type of glands.and what homologue part in males?

A

tubulo or acinar glands

-bulbouretheral glands

39
Q

In infantile phase of mammary glands what is present morphologically?

A
  • short glandular ducts present

- laciferous ducts open in nipple area

40
Q

what happens to the alveoli and parachymal during the 1st and 2nd half of pregnancy.

A
  • 1st half: alveoli develop; glandular portion expands, fat decreases
  • 2nd half: parenchymal proliferation decreases and alveoli distend.
41
Q

What type of secretion does casein and fat release?

A

casein: merocrine secretion
fat: aprocrine secretion

42
Q

What is the composition of milk?

A

-proteins (casein,lactalbumin, IgA) lactose, fat globules, ions, vitamins and water

43
Q

Colostrum

A

water solution containing proteins and carbohydrates and very little lipid. laxative propterties. only secreted in the first few days of birth.

44
Q

What hormone causes myoepithelial cells to contract and squeeze ducts?

A

oxytocin, contain myofilaments

45
Q

During post-pubertal development. What hormones control ductal development and fat deposition and alveolar development?

A

ductal development and fat deposition: E2
alveolar development: progesterone, cortisol and GH.

D(Ductal) E (E2) uses A (alveolar): PC (cortisol) Gateway

46
Q

During pregnancy lobulo- alveolar development is due to what hormones?

A

E2, progesterone, GH, insulin, human placental lactogen

“GECI HPL”
Go exercise carefully in Health Plex

47
Q

sucking stimulus has - effects on

A

-PIF, LH, FSH, GnRH

48
Q

During involution phase of mammary gland results in a decrease in parenchyma and stroma due to loss of___.

A

postmenopausal:

fibroblast, collagen and elastic tissue.

49
Q

Where is the location of myoepithelial cells? What is its shape.

A

between BL and secretory alveolar cells

shape: many processes myofilaments.

50
Q

What are the three layers of the structural wall of the oviducts

A

mucosa, musclaris, serosa

51
Q

what are the 3 structural components of uterine wall?

A
  • endometrium (mucosa): simple columnar with some cilated cells.
  • myometrium (muscularis)
  • perimetrium (serosa)
52
Q

What are the 3 structural components of cervix? An what type of characteristics? (epithelium and

A
  • endocervix: simple columnar with mucus secreting
  • ectocervix: stratified squamous nonkeratinized at external os
  • myometrium: dense fibrous tissue, collagen, elastic and smooth muscle
53
Q

Vagina has what 3 layers and what are the main morphologic characteristics?

A

Mucosa: stratified squamous nonkeratinized, abundant glycogen, diffuse lymphoid tissue

muscularis: 2 layers of SM, vestibule has skeletal muscle
adventitia: dense and loose CT with elastic fibers

Histo Exam 1 (16 decks)

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