Endocrine System Flashcards
What organs make up the diffuse endocrine system?
thymus, pineal body, stomach, liver, duodenum, spleen, kidney
What 7 glands make up the classical endocrine system?
- hypophysis cerebri (pituitary)
- thyroid
- parathyroids
- adrenal glands
- pancreas
- ovary
- testis
What are the exceptions to epithelial origin in glands? What does it mean when it is detached from epithelium?
- posterior pituitary and adrenal medulla
- they are ductless glands, uses endocrine glands.
In the neurohypophysis, what are the carriers and 2 hormones it secretes?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): primarily through supraoptic nuclei. Oxytocin through primarily paraventricular nuclei
Neurophysins: carrier protein
How does ADH secretion control humoral system?
change in plasma osmolarity stimulates neurons that synapse paraventricular and supraoptic neurons.
- eating salt: increases osmolarity in area of PV and SO.
- increase ADH secretion, thus decrease in H20 excretion
drinking water:
- decrease osmolarity in PV and SO
- decrease ADH secretion, thus H20 excretion increase
How does ADH secretion control neural system?
- sensory impulses from carotid and aortic baroreceptors
- hemorrhage-> increase ADH, decrease H20 excretion
What is the function of oxytocin?
- stimulates uterine contraction during parturition
- engenders milk release in lactation
- in males, stimulates 2ndary gland smooth muscles for sperm transport
How is the release of oxytocin occur in neuro-endocrine reflex?
- sensory stimulation from nipple
- DRG
- spinal cord
- hypothalamus PV and SO
- stimulation of release of oxytocin
- transport to myoepithelial cells
- release of milk
Adenohypophysis secretes what type of hormones?
- Growth hormone (GH) aka somatotropic hormone
- Prolactin (PR)
- thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
- adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- beta-lipotrophic hormone (LPH)
- derived from a common precursor; proopiomelanocortin
“FLAG TMP”
POMC can be cleaved between 2 products:
ACTH
- LPH: which gives rise to:
- B-endorphin
- gamma-lipotrophic hormone
Chromophobes (50%) are what site and what color does it stain
no color
-stem cells and degranulated cells
Within chromophils (50%), what type of hormones stain acidophilic (40%) ? and the site it responds to?
- GH- somatotrope
- Prolactin (PR)- mammotrope
“GPA”
Within chromophils, what type of hormones stain basophilic (10%) ? and the site it responds to?
TSH: thyrotropes FSH-gonadotrope LH:gonadotrope ACTH: corticotrope Beta-LPH: corticotrope MSH:corticotrope
FLAT BM
What is the difference in innervation in the hypophysis between neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis?
neurohypophysis uses paraventricular and supraoptic cell bodies while adenohypophysis rely on many nerve terminals on primary capillary loops. neurosecretory neurons are located in the tuberoinfundibular tract.
What is the purpose of tubero-hypophyseal neurons
stimulate secretory cells of adenohypophysis
