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Physio I > Female Repro > Flashcards

Female Repro Flashcards

1
Q

the female reproductive tract consists of 5 things

A 
ovaries
oviduct
uterus
cervix
vagina
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2
Q

the ovaries are responsible for

A

the development of gametes and synthesis and secretion of hormones

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3
Q

the oviduct is responsible for

A

the transport fo the oocyte + associated cells from ovary to uterus

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4
Q

uterus consits of what 2 things

A

myometrium and enodmetrium

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5
Q

the uterus does what ?

A

provides the appropriate environment for the development of the fertilized egg

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6
Q

the cervix provides a

A

strong, collagenous boundary between the uterus and vagina

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7
Q

the vagina is known as the

A

birth canal

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8
Q

the female gamete is known as the

A

oocyte

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9
Q

when do oocytes first start to develop?

A

prior to birth

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10
Q

two major types of estrogen

A

17 beta estradiol

estrone

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11
Q

another major hormoen from the ovary is

A

progesterone

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12
Q

where is progesterone mainly produced?

A

the corpus luteum

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13
Q

the ovaries produce 2 peptide hormones

A

inhibin

relaxin

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14
Q

inhibin is produced by what cell type?

A

granulosa cells

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15
Q

the development of a follicle from the primordial state to pre-ovulatory stage takes how long?

A

14 days

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16
Q

how long does ovulation take?

A

about 1 day

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17
Q

the corpus luteum functions for about how long?

A

14 days

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18
Q

FSH acts in what cells? and cause secretion of what?

A

granulosa cells and cause secretion of estradiol

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19
Q

FSH and estradiol causes granulosa cells to what?

A

proliferate

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20
Q

granulosa cells need what 4 things to actually proliferate?

A

FSH, estradiol LH and theca cells

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21
Q

why is LH and theca cells needed for granulosa cells?

A

they create the precursers for estradiol synthesis

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22
Q

the signal for ovulation is what?

A

large increase in LH secretion

23
Q

what receptor is necessary for ovulation

A

progesterone

24
Q

the formation of the corpus luteum is initiated by what

A

LH

25
Q

estrogens stimulates growth of the

A

endometrium

26
Q

estrogen acts on the myometrium to increase 3 things

A

contractile proteins, muscular activity and the number of gap junctions

27
Q

progesterone inhibits the _____ of the uterus

A

contractility

28
Q

when the corpus luteum degenerates what else happens?

A

the endometrium degenerates and is sloughed

29
Q

within mammary glands, estrogen promotes 3 things

A

duct development, stromal proliferation and fat deposition

30
Q

within mammary glands, progesterone is necessary for

A

lobuloalveolar development

31
Q

many tumors, when estrogen is removed

A

stop growing

32
Q

progesterone has a ______ effect

A

thermogenic effect

33
Q

progesterone in combination with estrogen and prolactin is involved with the

A

development and differentiation of the breast and maintenance of pregnancy

34
Q

estrogens effects on cardiovascular system (good things) (2)

A

improves lipid profile and increases the release of nitric oxide

35
Q

estrogens effects on cardiovascular system (bad things) (2)

A

increases blood clotting so it increases the chance of venous thrombosus

36
Q

estrogen maintains

A

bone density, closure of epiphyses

37
Q

estrogen also alters the pattern of fat

A

deposition

38
Q

one major action of estrogen is to increase the synthesis of what receptor?

A

progesterone!!

39
Q

at the beginning of the cycle are LH levels low or high?

A

low

40
Q

LH levels stay constant until late in what phase?

A

follicular phase

41
Q

FSH levels are low or high at the beginning of the cycle?

A

low

42
Q

FSH follows a similar pattern as

A

LH

43
Q

estrogen is low/high at the beginning of the cycle?

A

low

44
Q

estrogen increaes and increases throughout the _____ phase until about ___ hours before the LH surge

A

follicular phase, 12 hours

45
Q

there is a 2nd estrogen increase during the ____ phase

A

luteal

46
Q

estrogen levels fall again as the ________ degenerates

A

corpus luteum

47
Q

low doses of estradiol exert what kind of feedback on GnRH and LH

A

a negative feedback

48
Q

estrogen and progesterone together exert a _____ feedback on GnRH and LH

A

a negative feedback

49
Q 
levels of estrogen
progesterone
FSH
LH
day 1-5
A

low
low
low
low

50
Q 
levels of estrogen
progesterone
LH
FSH
day 6-10
A

increases
low
slight decrease
constant (low)

51
Q 
levels of estrogen
progesterone
LH
FSH
day 11-13
A

increases A LOT
nothing
rises
rises

52
Q

DAY 14

A

LH surge

53
Q 
levels of estrogen
progesterone
LH
FSH
day 15-25
A

increases
increases
drop
drop

54
Q 
levels of estrogen
progesterone
LH
FSH
day 26-28
A

decrease (if not pregnant)
decrease (if not pregnant)
decrease
decrease

Physio I (26 decks)

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