Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Production III > Feeding Dairy Cattle > Flashcards

Feeding Dairy Cattle Flashcards

1
Q

Does milking cows 3x per day increase or decrease milk production?

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the most common dry period length for dairy cattle?

A

60 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the single highest production cost on a dairy enterprise?

A

feed costs
- 30-35% total productions costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the components of dairy cow diets?

A
  • symbiosis btwn cow nutrition & rumen microbial health
  • fiber sources for milk fat production: Alfalfa silage, pea silage, grass silage
  • grains for gluconeogenesis: barley, corn
  • some feeds provide both: corn silage, barley silage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does alfalfa look like?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of plant?

A

pea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

We feed a lot of barley (compared to USA where they feed a lot of corn), why?

A
  • Barley grows better here with the cold
  • Corn also tends to need more water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

type of feed?

A

barley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of silage is this?

A

corn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you make a balanced ration for dairy cows?

A
  • determine the content of available feedstuffs using Near Infrared (NIR; what is in forage?) & wet chemistry (nutrient balance?)
  • determine animal requirements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is dry matter important?

A

it is critical for milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DMI vs milk production rules of thumb?

A

6kg tax (4.5 kg for Jerseys)
- 6 kg is needed just for walking around everyday
remaining intake x2 = milk yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drives dry matter intake in dairy cows?

A
  • bodyweight, milk production, body condition, implants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what limits dry matter intake in dairy cows?

A

Ration NDF (neutral detergent fiber), ration NE (net energy), forage mass/allowance, ration crude protein/total digestible nutrients (CP/TDN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What environmental factors affect dry matter intake in dairy cows?

A

air temperature, plant toxins, water intake & requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are feeding systems important?

A

because they are getting the ration to the cows

17
Q

What is the 3 diets concept in dairy cows?

A
  • formulated, delivered, consumed
18
Q

Why does feed intake range vary & how does this affect milk production range?

A
  • increased age at first calving = decreased production
  • increase in stalls/cow = increased production
  • pushing up feed increases milk production
  • feed refusals (when you come to feed the next time there is still feed in the feeder) means there is continuously feed available & they are going to eat more & produce more milk
19
Q

What is important about component feeding systems for dairy cattle?

A
  • ad-lib feeding of forage
  • concentrates are fed separately (milking parlour, computer feeders, individual feeding station)
20
Q

What are the disadvantages of component feeding systems for dairy cattle?

A
  • concentrates may be taken in during short timeframe
  • rumen pH fluctuates
  • competition leading to grain overload
21
Q

How do total mixed ration (TMR) systems work in dairy cows?

A
  • all feed components are mixed
  • composition of diet is tightly regulated
22
Q

How does partial mixed ration (PMR) work in dairy cows?

A
  • some grain fed separately in parlour
23
Q

why is appropriate mixing critical in total mixed ration systems?

A
  • inadequate mixing leads to sorting & rumen pH fluctuations
  • overmixing leads to small particles which can cause grain overload &/or frothy bloat
24
Q

What is the issue with this ration?

A
  • not well mixed
  • clumps of forage & clumps of grain
  • cows can sort through & pick what they want
25
Q

How to problem solve in dairy production?

A
  • most common nutritional role of a DVM
  • 7 step process
  • rarely do them all at once
26
Q

How do you characterize low production?

A
  • evaluate milk production by time & parity
27
Q

What could cause low production in heifers?

A
  • overcrowding, pen moves?
  • small size at calving?
  • overconditioned at calving?
    (smaller size & overcrowding will cause more subordinate heifers to be pushed away from the feed bunk
28
Q

What could cause low production in cows?

A
  • underfeeding?
  • ketosis, lameness?
29
Q

How do you evaluate the average days in milk?

A
  • where in lactation is the “average” cow?
  • indicator of reproductive efficiency (conceives later = longer lactation = average cow further in lactation)
  • decreased days in milk (DIM) = decreased milk
30
Q

What else could you address during herd investigation?

A

reproductive efficiency issue (like injured bull)

31
Q

How long can herd expansions decrease milk yield?

A

up to 1 year

32
Q

How big does a group of cows have to be before the social hierarchy falls apart?

A
  • Dairy cows can remember 70-80 other cows (can be up to 2 groups in a herd so double this - 140-160)
33
Q

What can cause long term low production in a dairy herd?

A
  • nutrition problems
  • health problems
  • increased days in milk (DIM)
34
Q

What can cause short term low production in a dairy herd?

A
  • expansions
  • health problems
  • nutrition problems
35
Q

How do you evaluate herd nutritional management?

A
  • determine what cows are eating
  • this takes time
  • NEVER ASSUME!
  • evaluate feed ingredients (see all feeds; understand system; analyze dry matter, forage & grain particles, ensiled feed pH)
  • determine amount fed (interview feeder; determine amounts offered & refused; weigh everything)
  • check mixer scales
  • reconstruct diet (rebuild from scratch)
  • evaluate TMR (careful sampling)
36
Q

what do you evaluate when evaluating dairy cows?

A
  • body condition, cud chewing, manure evaluation, lameness, sick cows
37
Q

what do you evaluate when evaluating dairy cows environment?

A
  • can have a major impact
  • freestalls, resting surfaces, flooring, ventilation
38
Q

What is important about herd testing in dairy cows?

A
  • testing alone will never solve a problem
  • test results must be corroborated w/ other findings
39
Q
A

Animal Production III (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions