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Animal Production III > Dairy: Introduction > Flashcards

Dairy: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of dairy farming?

A
  • increasing worldwide
  • Canada & USA: highest yields/cow
  • significant growth forecasted in South Asia & Africa
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2
Q

What is important about Canadian dairy production?

A
  • gradual annual increase
  • second largest animal agriculture sector (after red meat)
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3
Q

What does the Canadian dairy industry do?

A
  • imports from USA, UK, NZ, Australia
  • exports to USA, KSA, Australia, Kuwait
  • genetic quality of Canadian Dairy Stock -> has genetic markets in USA, Spain, Germany, Brazil, & Australia
  • 25% of Canadian beef is from dairy breed animals
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4
Q

How has herd size changed?

A
  • herd size has increased
  • Consolidation: fewer farms, fewer cows, larger & more efficient dairies
  • total milk produced has increased
  • > 4.5 fold increase in efficiency since 1967
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5
Q

What are the future demographics of the Canadian dairy industry?

A
  • older producers
  • what if major changes happen in QC? large proportion of the industry & smaller herds here
  • potential rapid increase in herd size
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6
Q

What is the free-market system?

A
  • price determined by supply & demand
  • in NZ
  • government subsidizes diary income
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7
Q

What is the supply-managed system?

A
  • in Canada
  • milk production set to meet domestic needs
  • production controlled by quotas
  • price set to reflect cost of production - aims for a fair price for the farmer
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8
Q

Where did supply management arise from?

A

producer groups
- response to market instability
- provincial boards had greater leverage
- only w/in province
- Canadian Dairy Commission (1969)

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9
Q

Why is managing the supply needed?

A

needed w/ large numbers of producers

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10
Q

what is an overview of the system of supply management?

A
  • planned domestic production
  • administering pricing
  • import controls
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11
Q

What is the milk quota?

A
  • the producer gains the right to sell a specified amount of milk for a pre-agreed price
  • milk quota is calculated by production of butterfat
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12
Q

What are the types of quota?

A
  • fluid: provincially controlled to meet the demand of fresh milk
  • market share: federally set, provincially administered for manufacturing
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13
Q

How does supply-management work?

A
  • producers pay to cover administration of system
  • continuous quota: producers either in positive or negative credit (over or under production)
  • # of credit days = (actual butterfat production - monthly quota)/daily quota
  • > 0 positive credit days: no $$$
  • > 15 negative credit days: cannot recoup lost credit days (lose quota)
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14
Q

Why are quota credits transferred?

A
  • allows flexibility btwn producers
  • maintains provincial production
  • cannot transfer beyond legal limits
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15
Q

What are incentive days?

A
  • occur when provincial milk supply low
  • extra credits provided
  • allow for increased production w/o running into positive credits
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16
Q

How is quota bought & sold?

A
  • private sales: entire quota must be sold to a single individual
  • no producer may possess > 4% provincial quota
17
Q

What is transfer exchange of quota in the dairy industry?

A
  • operated by SaskMilk
  • offers to sell & buy at prices requested by producers
  • board establishes market clearing price
18
Q

What is the future of supply management in the dairy industry? What would happen w/ deregulation in Canada?

A
  • many jurisdictions are deregulated: Australia, NZ (free market), USA (Free market), Europe
  • getting rid of supply management would either take a lot of money away from dairy producers or they would require compensation for this
  • milk prices would get a lot more volatile w/ this: large dairies tend to be the ones that can handle volatility -> contraction in the amount of dairies (larger & fewer)
19
Q

What are societal issues related to the dairy industry?

A
  1. food safety
  2. milk quality testing
  3. antimicrobial use & resistance
  4. animal welfare
  5. the environment
20
Q

What is the proAction food safety module in the dairy industry?

A
  • Hazard Analysis Critical Control Program
  • mandatory to produce milk
21
Q

What are critical control points for food safety in the Dairy industry?

A
  • milking treated animals
  • cooling & storage of milk
  • shipping animals
22
Q

What are the objectives of food safety in the dairy industry?

A
  • prevent pathogens & pharmaceuticals from entering the food supply
  • includes vet natural health products
23
Q

How is milk quality testing done?

A
  • test each pickup from farm
  • needs to be negative for vet drug residues & antimicrobial substances
  • aerobic bacteria count (standard plate count) < 50,000 cfu/mL
  • Somatic Cell Count (SCC) < 400,000 cells/mL
  • freezing point < -0.525 C
24
Q

How is antimicrobial resistance prevented in the dairy industry?

A
  • significant changes/restrictions in antimicrobial use
  • extralabel use only w/ written vet directions (proAction food safety module)
  • AMR surveillance (Canadian Dairy Network for Antimicrobial Stewardship & Resistance - CaDNetASR)
25
Q

How does the dairy industry regulate animal welfare?

A
  • Code of Practice, proAction Animal Care & Biosecurity Modules
  • requirements & recommendations are laid out
  • categories for housing, feed & water, animal health & biosecurity, handling & shipping animals, staff training & communication
  • formal welfare audits (scheduled & random) that look at BCS, Hock, Knee, Neck, & mobility scores
26
Q

Why is efficiency key to the dairy industry minimizing its impact on the environment?

A
  • higher production = decreased Green House Gas (GHG)/ kg milk
27
Q

How has the carbon footprint in Canada changed since the 40s?

A
  • it has decreased
28
Q

what is in the proAction environment module of the dairy industry?

A
  • environmental farm plan
  • questionnaire on soil health, greenhouse gases, biodiversity, silage seepage, plastic waste
  • wastewater management
  • manure storage
  • soil nutrient management

Animal Production III (1 decks)

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