Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Production III > Equine Industry > Flashcards

Equine Industry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a horse?

A
  • Equus ferus caballus
  • odd-toed ungulate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a horse’s lifespan?

A

25-30+ years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a mare?

A

mature female horse, greater than 4 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a stallion?

A

mature male horse, intact, greater than 4 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a gelding?

A

castrated male horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a filly?

A

immature female horse, less than 4 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a colt?

A

immature male horse, less than 4 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a horse breed?

A

repeatable phenotype w/ a historical pedigree & registry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are hinds high (HH)?

A

measurement of the horse from the ground to the withers, 1 hand = 4 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the owner of a horse?

A

the person who owns the horse, & generally pays the bills, may or may not be the main rider or caretaker of the horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is the trainer of a horse?

A
  • the person who trains the horse to compete
  • may or may not also train the rider
  • may or may not manage the horse day to day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who is the rider of the horse?

A
  • the person who rides the horse (may be the owner)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who is the coach of the horse?

A
  • the person who trains the rider
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is the farrier of the horse?

A
  • the trained professional who trims horse feet & applies shoes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does broke mean in terms of horses?

A
  • the horse is trained to be ridden
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does green mean in terms of horses?

A
  • the horse is inexperienced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does lungeing (UK)/ longeing (US) mean in terms of horses?

A
  • exercise or training technique where the horse is moved around a handler in a circle on a long line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does tack mean in terms of horses?

A
  • equipment used for handling or riding the horse (ex: halter, bridle, saddle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are grooming supplies in terms of horses?

A
  • brushes, hoof pick, anything used to clean the horse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many horse breeds are recognized worldwide?

A

more than 200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some different ways to categorize/classify different horse breeds into groups?

A
  • hot, cold, & warm blood
  • heavy horses/draft breeds & light horses
  • ponies, miniature
  • saddle horses, harness horses
  • registered, grade horses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What breeds of horses are Draft or Heavy horses?

A
  • Clydesdale, Belgian, Percheron, Suffolk Punch, Shire
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are characteristics of draft or heavy horses?

A
  • tall, muscular, broad back, feathered distal limbs
  • 16-19 HH
  • bred to pull (farming, logging, carts, wagons, sleigh, showing)
  • also used for riding in a variety of sports
  • harness horses may be used as a single or in a team
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which horse breeds are warmblood/ medium weight horses?

A

Hanoverian, Trakehner, Oldenburg, Dutch WB, Canadian WB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are characteristics of warmblood or medium weight horses?

A
  • more refined features than draft horses w/o feathering
  • 15-18 HH
  • many registries have “open studbooks”: do not require 2 pure blood parents, accept animals of similar phenotypes to improve the breed
  • bred to excel at competitive English riding ex: dressage & jumping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are light horse breeds?

A
  • Arabian, Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, Paint Horse, Morgan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are characteristics of light horses?

A
  • greater than 14.2 HH
  • each breed has specific characteristics, generally smaller/lighter build
  • often bred for a specific sport or used for pleasure (track racing, endurance racing, cow horse/western sports (reining, cutting, barrel racing, rodeo), harness, halter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are pony breeds?

A
  • Shetland, Connemara Pony, Hackney, Pony of the Americas (POA), Welsh Pony
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are characteristics of ponies?

A
  • shorter than 14.2 HH
  • phenotypically distinct: thicker coat, mane, & tail; short/stocky legs; wider barrels; shorter/thicker neck; broad forehead
  • used for riding, sport, pulling carts, sure-footedness
30
Q

What are breeds of miniature horse?

A
  • American Miniature Horses, Falabella, Dutch miniature
31
Q

what are characteristics of miniature horses?

A
  • < 8.2 HH
  • legs longer than body is deep, more refined structure than some small ponies
  • used as companion animals, harness, in-hand sport
32
Q

What are donkeys?

A
  • Equus africanus asinus
  • donkeys & mules make up 2/3 of the world’s equid population
  • working animals
33
Q

What are the three common sizes of donkeys?

A
  • miniature
  • standard (small & large varieties)
  • mammoth
34
Q

what are mules?

A
  • offspring of a male donkey & a female horse
  • highly versatile animal (strength, endurance, & surefootedness of a donkey; athletic ability & speed of a horse)
  • used for both work & sport
35
Q

How many chromosomes do horses, donkeys, & mules have?

A
  • horses: 64
  • donkeys: 62
  • mules: 63 -> infertile
36
Q

What is a group of donkeys called?

A

drove/herd/pace

37
Q

what is a male donkey called?

A

Jack

38
Q

What is a female donkey called?

A

Jenny

39
Q

Horse dam + donkey sire

A

Mule

40
Q

donkey dam + horse sire

A

Hinny

41
Q

what is a female mule called?

A

mare/molly

42
Q

What is a male mule called?

A

horse mule/ john mule

43
Q

horse sire + mule dam

A

Hule

44
Q

donkey sire + mule dam

A

Jule

45
Q

What are feral horses?

A
  • multiple populations in Canada (AB, BC, SK, Sable Island)
46
Q

What is a mustang?

A
  • free roaming horses (feral) in Western USA, descended from Spanish horses
  • managed by the Bureau of Land Management
47
Q

What is Przewalski’s horse (Equus ferus przewalskii / Equus przewalkskii)?

A
  • endangered horse native to central Asia
  • dun markings, stocky
48
Q

What other wild horse types are there?

A

Zebras & Wild asses

49
Q

What are identification methods of equids?

A
  • hot iron brand, freeze brand, m/c, tattoo, official brand inspection, registration papers, DNA, Coggins test papers, halters or collars w/ name or number, passport
50
Q

What are breed registries?

A
  • many breed are represented by a national or international breed registry/association
  • qualification for most registries is based on the pedigree of the parents
51
Q

What is a closed stud book?

A

2 pure bred parents, no outside bloodlines accepted (Thoroughbreds, Trakehner)

52
Q

What is an open studbook?

A
  • animals may be registered even if parents were not
  • most warm bloods
  • semi open for Quarter horses (will include TB & paints)
53
Q

What kinds of requirements do certain breeds have?

A
  • genetic, conformational, or height
  • many are working to reduce genetic diseases in their breed
  • some require genetic testing to prove parentage
54
Q

What kind of genetic testing do they do for breed registry for the Arabian Horse Association?

A
  • DNA testing performed on all registered animals to prove parentage
  • breed recommends testing for SCID, Cerebellar Abiotrophy, Lavender Foal Syndrome, & Occipitoatlantoaxial Malformation
55
Q

What kind of genetic testing do they do for breed registry for the American Quarter Horse Association?

A
  • DNA testing (5 panel plus) required for most breeding stock
  • Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency, Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia, Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis, Malignant Hyperthermia, Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy Type I, Myosin Heavy Chain Myopathy
56
Q

What kind of genetic testing do they do for breed registry for the Friesian Horse Association North America?

A
  • DNA testing for stallions to be approved for breeding & for mares & foals for parentage verification (must be collected by a veterinarian or a breed official)
  • distichiasis, Friesian Horse Dwarfism, Friesian Horse Hydrocephalus
57
Q

What kind of genetic testing is done for breed specific disorders?

A
  • Connemara Pony Hoof Wall Separation Disease
  • Equine Familial Isolated Hypoparathyroidism (Thoroughbred)
  • Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (Belgians)
  • Warmblood Fragile Foal Syndrome Type I
58
Q

What are colour genetics?

A

testing used for breeding purposes if a specific colour is desired

59
Q

What colours or colour patterns are linked to genetic diseases?

A
  • Overo Lethal White Syndrome: homozygous for the overo coat colour pattern gene
  • silver dilution is associated w/ Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies (MCOA)
  • grey gene associated w/ an increased risk of melanoma
  • leopard complex causing congenital stationary night blindness in appaloosas
60
Q

What is a walk in terms of horses?

A

4 beat gait w/ each foot hitting the ground independently

61
Q

What is a trot in terms of horses?

A

2 beat diagonal gait w/ contralateral limbs moving synchronously

62
Q

What is a canter in terms of horses?

A

3 beat gait
- left lead: RH, LH + RF, LF

63
Q

What is a gallop in terms of horses?

A

3-4 beat gait
- same as canter except the diagonal hind foot hits the ground slightly before the front foot

64
Q

What are gaited horses?

A
  • unique gait specific to certain breeds (~30 breeds)
  • often claim to be “smoother” ride
65
Q

What are uses of horses?

A
  • sport, recreation, companionship, breeding, labour (mounted police, farm & ranch work, logging industry, transportation), teaching & research, equine therapy, production (PMU & Meat), entertainment, tourism
66
Q

American Standardbred gait?

A

trot or pace (2 beat unilateral gait)

67
Q

Icelandic horse gait?

A

tolt - single footed pace

68
Q

american saddlebred gait?

A

racking - 4 beat lateral gait

69
Q

Peruvavain Paso gait?

A

paso llano (4 beat gait) & sobreandando (pace-like)

70
Q

Tennessee Walking Horse gait?

A

running walk

71
Q
A

Animal Production III (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions