FEd State Fasting and Starvation 11-4-13

Question 1

The macronutrients that are used for energy generation are (carbs/protien/fats)

Answer 1

carbs, fats

Question 2

_____bodies are an alternative fuel utilized during starvation.

Answer 2

ketone

Question 3

how many hours go by until your body goes into a fasting state?

Answer 3

greater than4

Question 4

How many days goes by until your body is in a starvation state?

Answer 4

3 days

Question 5

(Fatty acids/proteins/carbs) can also be converted into ketone bodies by the liver.

Answer 5

fatty acids

Question 6

(glucose/carbs/ketone bodies) is the preferred fuel for all organs’tissues

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/reb blood cells) o can only utilize glucose and therefore need a constant supply of glucose for ATP production.

Answer 7

red blood cells

Question 8

(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/reb blood cells)can utilize glucose and ketone bodies.

Answer 8

brain

Question 9

(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/reb blood cells)can utilize glucose and fatty acids.

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/reb blood cells)can utilize glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies.

Answer 10

skeletal muscle

Question 11

(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/adipose tissue) utilizes glucose and fatty acids

Answer 11

adipose tissue

Question 12

in teh liver when glycogen stores are saturated:
-fatty acids are converted to (VLDLS/TAGs) then packaged as (VLDLs/TAGs) and deposited into the circulation

(VLDL/TAGs) are taken up by the adipose tissue where tehy are stored as (VLDL/TAGs)

Answer 12

TAGS, VLDLs

VLDL, TAGs

Question 13

T/F liver glygocen stores have a point of saturation but adipose stores do not

Answer 13

T, they are limitless

Question 14

blood glucose levels are maintained by degradation of (liver/adipose tissue) glycogen primary source . an to a lesser extent (carbs/amino acids/fatty acids)

Answer 14

liver , amino acids

Question 15

(cabs/protiens/fats) are broken down to amino acids

Answer 15

protiens

Question 16

1) storage of glucose as glycogen,
2) fatty acid synthesis,
3) storage of fatty acids as TAGs, and
4) protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and other tissues. Through the metabolic effects of insulin, elevated blood glucose levels (induced by a meal) return back to the normal range.
- -Is promoted by (glucose/insulin)

Answer 16

insulin

Question 17

1) glucose is used for ATP production (through glycolysis),
2) excess glucose is stored as glycogen (through glycogenesis),
3) when liver glycogen stores are saturated, excess glucose is converted to fatty acids (these fatty acids are then converted into TAGs, packaged into VLDLs and deposited into the circulation for storage as fat in adipose tissue).
- -describes metabolic process in the (liver/skeletal muslces/adipose tissue)

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

1) storage of dietary glucose as glycogen (glycogenesis),
2) oxidation of glucose to produce ATP (through glycolysis), and
3) the synthesis of fatty acids (from excess dietary glucose).

–describes what insulin stimulates in the (liver/skeletal muscle/adipose tissue)

Answer 18

liver

Question 19

1) glucose is used for ATP production (glycolysis),
2) excess glucose is stored as glycogen (glycogenesis; these stores can only be used by muscle during exercise), and
3) proteins are synthesized from dietary aminoacids.
- -describes metabolic process in the (liver/skeletal muslces/adipose tissue)

Answer 19

skeletal muscle

Question 20

1) transport of plasma glucose into muscle cells,
2) storage of dietary glucose as glycogen (glycogenesis),
3) transport of dietary aminoacids into muscle cells and
4) protein synthesis.

–describes what insulin stimulates in the (liver/skeletal muscle/adipose tissue)

Answer 20

skeletal muscle

Question 21

what are teh two alternative fuels for tissues

Answer 21

fatty acids, ketone bodies

Question 22

what does glucagon do?

Answer 22

1) degradation of glycogen stores (glycogenolysis) and

2) gluconeogenesis.

Question 23

Glucagon doesn’t have effect on (muscle/liver) metabolism

Answer 23

muslce

Question 24

does glucagon have effect on brain or RBC?

Answer 24

NO ONLY IN LIVER

Question 25

During starvation and fasting what is the primary source of glucose and what is the secondary ?

Answer 25

primary source is glycogenolysis

secondary source is gluconeogenesis

Question 26

(hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia) This is due to either the absence of insulin, or to abnormal insulin signaling

Answer 26

hyperglycemia

Question 27

(hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia) epinephrine is released and gives rise to adrenergic symptoms (palpitations, tremors, anxiety).

Answer 27

hypoglycemia

Question 28

(RBC/brain/skeletal muslce/adipose tissue) can only use glucose

Answer 28

RBC