FEd State Fasting and Starvation 11-4-13 Flashcards
The macronutrients that are used for energy generation are (carbs/protien/fats)
carbs, fats
_____bodies are an alternative fuel utilized during starvation.
ketone
how many hours go by until your body goes into a fasting state?
greater than4
How many days goes by until your body is in a starvation state?
3 days
(Fatty acids/proteins/carbs) can also be converted into ketone bodies by the liver.
fatty acids
(glucose/carbs/ketone bodies) is the preferred fuel for all organs’tissues
glucose
(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/reb blood cells) o can only utilize glucose and therefore need a constant supply of glucose for ATP production.
red blood cells
(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/reb blood cells)can utilize glucose and ketone bodies.
brain
(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/reb blood cells)can utilize glucose and fatty acids.
liver
(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/reb blood cells)can utilize glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies.
skeletal muscle
(brain/liver/skeletal muscle/adipose tissue) utilizes glucose and fatty acids
adipose tissue
in teh liver when glycogen stores are saturated:
-fatty acids are converted to (VLDLS/TAGs) then packaged as (VLDLs/TAGs) and deposited into the circulation
(VLDL/TAGs) are taken up by the adipose tissue where tehy are stored as (VLDL/TAGs)
TAGS, VLDLs
VLDL, TAGs
T/F liver glygocen stores have a point of saturation but adipose stores do not
T, they are limitless
blood glucose levels are maintained by degradation of (liver/adipose tissue) glycogen primary source . an to a lesser extent (carbs/amino acids/fatty acids)
liver , amino acids
(cabs/protiens/fats) are broken down to amino acids
protiens
1) storage of glucose as glycogen,
2) fatty acid synthesis,
3) storage of fatty acids as TAGs, and
4) protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and other tissues. Through the metabolic effects of insulin, elevated blood glucose levels (induced by a meal) return back to the normal range.
- -Is promoted by (glucose/insulin)
insulin
1) glucose is used for ATP production (through glycolysis),
2) excess glucose is stored as glycogen (through glycogenesis),
3) when liver glycogen stores are saturated, excess glucose is converted to fatty acids (these fatty acids are then converted into TAGs, packaged into VLDLs and deposited into the circulation for storage as fat in adipose tissue).
- -describes metabolic process in the (liver/skeletal muslces/adipose tissue)
liver
1) storage of dietary glucose as glycogen (glycogenesis),
2) oxidation of glucose to produce ATP (through glycolysis), and
3) the synthesis of fatty acids (from excess dietary glucose).
–describes what insulin stimulates in the (liver/skeletal muscle/adipose tissue)
liver
1) glucose is used for ATP production (glycolysis),
2) excess glucose is stored as glycogen (glycogenesis; these stores can only be used by muscle during exercise), and
3) proteins are synthesized from dietary aminoacids.
- -describes metabolic process in the (liver/skeletal muslces/adipose tissue)
skeletal muscle
1) transport of plasma glucose into muscle cells,
2) storage of dietary glucose as glycogen (glycogenesis),
3) transport of dietary aminoacids into muscle cells and
4) protein synthesis.
–describes what insulin stimulates in the (liver/skeletal muscle/adipose tissue)
skeletal muscle
what are teh two alternative fuels for tissues
fatty acids, ketone bodies
what does glucagon do?
1) degradation of glycogen stores (glycogenolysis) and
2) gluconeogenesis.
Glucagon doesn’t have effect on (muscle/liver) metabolism
muslce
does glucagon have effect on brain or RBC?
NO ONLY IN LIVER
During starvation and fasting what is the primary source of glucose and what is the secondary ?
primary source is glycogenolysis
secondary source is gluconeogenesis
(hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia) This is due to either the absence of insulin, or to abnormal insulin signaling
hyperglycemia
(hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia) epinephrine is released and gives rise to adrenergic symptoms (palpitations, tremors, anxiety).
hypoglycemia
(RBC/brain/skeletal muslce/adipose tissue) can only use glucose
RBC
