11-4-13 Replication and Telomeres Flashcards
T/F mammalian and E. coli replicaiotn processes are similar
T
T/F all component of repliaciont and mutations in genes responsible for replication have been characterized in yeast
T
-similar replication fork geometry
-mulitprotein replication machine
are the same in (yeast/e coli./mammalian)
e.coli and mammalian
Genome- 4.64 million basepairs circular DNA
Single origin of replication
Same polymerase for leading and lagging strand synthesis
describes (e.coli/mammalian)
e. coli
23 pairs of linear chromosomes- 3.2 billion basepairs
Multiple origins of replication (~1000)
Same or different polymerases for leading and lagging strand synthesis
describes (e.coli/mammalian)
mammalian
single origin of replication
-describes (ecoli/mammalian)
e.coli
same polymerase for leadig and lagging strand
-describes (ecoli/mammalian)
e.coli
multiple origins of replication
-describes (ecoli/mammalian)
mammalian
same or different polymerases for leading and lagging strand synthesis
(e.coli/mammalian)
mammalian
RNaseH degrades (DNA/RNA)
RNA
T/F okasaki fragments are smaller than E. coli
T
polymerase (alpha/beta/gamma) is primase
alpha
polymerase (alpha/beta/gamma) is mitochondrial replication
gamma
polymerase (alpha/beta/gamma) is repair
beta
polymerase sigma and e are both ____
nuclear replication
(e.coli/mammalian) replication is cirlcular
e.coli
(e.coli/mammalian) replication is linear
mammalian
which end will shorten with each replication cycle?
5’ or 3’
5’
- coding sequences may be eventualy lost
- senescence or death signal may be triggered
- -these are both consequence of what?
shortening of the 5’ end after each replication cycle/
- origin of repliication
- centromere
- telomere
- -these are all requirement for what
chromosome replication
(centromere/teleomore) seal the ends of chromosomes
telomere
- avoid undesirable fusion
- aboid aberrant recomination
- –(centromere/teleomere)
telomere
(centromere/teleomore) attach chromosomes to nuclear envelope
telomere
telomeres have (sepa/hexa)meric repeats
hexameric
___ makes teomeric repeats
telomrase
what is a telomerase?
protein + RNA
what type of activity does the protein portion of the temoerase do?
reverse transcriptase
telomerase is (DNA/RNA) dependent DNA polymerase
RNA
which end does telomerase extend?
3’
telomere repeats from G (quartets/triplets)
quartets
what is the name of the tail made by the telomerase (A tail/G tail)
G-tail
(somatic/germ) cells have detectable activity
germ
(somatic/germ) cells have no detecable activiyt
somatic
fibroblast from the (young/elderly) have shorter fibroblasts
elderly
- replicative sensecense
- apoptosis
- -are induced by (long/short) telomeres
short
T/F in human cnacer there is more telomerase activity than in normal tissue
T
GRN163L and G-quadruplex stabilizing agens are thoguh to (activate/block) the replicative portention of cancer cells
block
Viruses (have/don’t have) a cell structure or metabolism, but they (are/aren’t) capable of reproducing viruses
dont have, aren’t
____ is an inert virus particle outside of teh cell host
virion
virus genomes are (single/double) DNA and RNA
single double
T/F viral nucleic acids are replicated only in host cells using host cell machinery
T
Replication of viruses involves : what three things?
synthesis of genome, translation , transcription
Viral genomes (are/aren’t) variable in size organization and replication patterns
are
HIV has
A) 9749 nucleotides 9 genes 15 proteins
B) 9749 nucleotides 15 genes 9 proteins
A
AZT inhibits (reverse transcriptiase/integrase)
reverse transcriptase
bacterial gyrase inhibitors are used in (antibiotics/chemotherapy)
antibiotics
topoisomerase inhibitors are used for (antibiotics/chemotherapy)
chemotherapy
5-Florouracil inhibitor of (DNA replication/reverse transriptase) used for cancer chemotherapy
DNA replication
5-florouriacil is an analogue for uracil and ___
thymine
Capecitabine is a orally administered chemotherapeutic agent which is converted to (5-florouracil/AZT)
5-Florouracil
