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MCBM > 11-1-13 developmental > Flashcards

11-1-13 developmental Flashcards

1
Q 
A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
-match to term
fertilized egg, after nuclear fusion
A

zygote

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2
Q 
A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
-match to term
first 2 weeks; zygote, 2-8 cell stages, morula, blastocyst.
A

B)Pre-embryonic stages

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3
Q 
A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
developing organism from 2-8 wks
A

embryo

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4
Q 
A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
developing organism from 9wk-birth
A

fetus

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5
Q 
A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
embryo or fetus + all surrounding membranes derived from zygote
A

conceptus

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6
Q 
A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
one third of the human gestational period; not related to developmental stages.
A

trimester

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7
Q

(migration/induction ) is growth

A

induction

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8
Q

(induction/migration) differential growth

A

migration

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9
Q

(epithelial folding/cavitation) is selective cell death

A

epithelial folding

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10
Q

(epithelial folding/cavitation) is cell differentiation

A

cavitation

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11
Q

(hyperplasia/hypertrophy) is increase in cell size

A

hypertrophy

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12
Q

(hyperplasia/hypertrophy) is increase is cell number

A

hyperplasia

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13
Q

TGF and EGF increase cell (number/size)

A

number

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14
Q

(induction/differential growth)One side or part of a structure grows faster than another. This is a major mechanism which allows organs to reach their ultimate shape.

A

differential growth

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15
Q

(induction/differental growth) A chemical signal will cause a change in cells, resulting in migration, differentiation, or other change.
Chemical can be a surface signaling molecule or some chemical released into the extracellular matrix.
It influences the genome to differentiate in any of a number of varied ways.

A

induction

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16
Q

(endoderm/ectoderm) forms lens

17
Q

cell in the nucelus are activated then they are under (determination/restriciton)

A

determination

18
Q

cell that is inactived is under (determination/restriction)

A

restriction

19
Q

(hyperplasia/metaplasia) is a pathologic de-differentiation and re-differentation

A

metaplasia

20
Q

give an example of differntiation (lens/skin)

21
Q

give an example of selective cell death (hand/brain/lens/skin) pick two

A

hand , brain

22
Q

affected cells are programmed to undergo apoptosis by spefice ____

23
Q

Physical movement of cells from one location to another. Usually involving amoeboid movement and chemotaxis towards or away from specific developmental factors.
Can involve only a part of the cell in cases of nerve axons.
–describe (migration/induction)

24
Q

somite is a example of (selective cell death/migration)

25
Q

Diffusable molecules that are released locally; react with cells to govern pattern of development.

match to correct term 
A)morphogen
B)notch
C)transcription factors
D)receptor tyrosine kinases
A

morphogens

26
Q

conserved intercellular signaling pathway directing multiple cell differentiation paths.

match to correct term 
A)morphogen
B)notch
C)transcription factors
D)receptor tyrosine kinases
27
Q

Binds to DNA. Many are Homeobox or HLH families

match to correct term 
A)morphogen
B)notch
C)transcription factors
D)receptor tyrosine kinases
A

transcripton factors

28
Q 
Cell-surface receptors, includes growth factors which regulate cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis, new growth
match to correct term 
A)morphogen
B)notch
C)transcription factors
D)receptor tyrosine kinases
A

receptor tyrosine kinsases

29
Q

often involved in fine-tuning interactions of other developmental factors

A)retinoic acid
B)transforming growth factor B
C)bone morphogenic proteins
D)WNT
E)bone morphogenic proteins
A

retinoic acid

30
Q

promotes cell growth and differentiation; uses SMAD pathway.

A)retinoic acid
B)transforming growth factor B
C)bone morphogenic proteins
D)WNT
E)bone morphogenic proteins
A

transforming growth factor Beta

31
Q

one of the pivotal developmental signaling molecules.

A)retinoic acid
B)transforming growth factor B
C)bone morphogenic proteins
D)WNT
E)bone morphogenic proteins
A

bone morphogenic proteins

32
Q 
critical developmental gene requires cholesterol to become active.
A)retinoic acid
B)transforming growth factor B
C)bone morphogenic proteins
D)WNT
E)bone morphogenic proteins
A

hedgehog series

33
Q 
Critical in pattern development and axis patterning among other things, it uses β-catenin to activate gene sequences.
A)retinoic acid
B)transforming growth factor B
C)bone morphogenic proteins
D)WNT
E)bone morphogenic proteins

MCBM (15 decks)

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