11-1-13 developmental

Question 1

A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
-match to term
fertilized egg, after nuclear fusion

Answer 1

zygote

Question 2

A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
-match to term
first 2 weeks; zygote, 2-8 cell stages, morula, blastocyst.

Answer 2

B)Pre-embryonic stages

Question 3

A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
developing organism from 2-8 wks

Answer 3

embryo

Question 4

A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
developing organism from 9wk-birth

Answer 4

fetus

Question 5

A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
embryo or fetus + all surrounding membranes derived from zygote

Answer 5

conceptus

Question 6

A)zygote
B)Pre-embryonic stages
C)Embryo
D)Fetus: 
E)Conceptus: 
F)Trimester
one third of the human gestational period; not related to developmental stages.

Answer 6

trimester

Question 7

(migration/induction ) is growth

Answer 7

induction

Question 8

(induction/migration) differential growth

Answer 8

migration

Question 9

(epithelial folding/cavitation) is selective cell death

Answer 9

epithelial folding

Question 10

(epithelial folding/cavitation) is cell differentiation

Answer 10

cavitation

Question 11

(hyperplasia/hypertrophy) is increase in cell size

Answer 11

hypertrophy

Question 12

(hyperplasia/hypertrophy) is increase is cell number

Answer 12

hyperplasia

Question 13

TGF and EGF increase cell (number/size)

Answer 13

number

Question 14

(induction/differential growth)One side or part of a structure grows faster than another. This is a major mechanism which allows organs to reach their ultimate shape.

Answer 14

differential growth

Question 15

(induction/differental growth) A chemical signal will cause a change in cells, resulting in migration, differentiation, or other change.
Chemical can be a surface signaling molecule or some chemical released into the extracellular matrix.
It influences the genome to differentiate in any of a number of varied ways.

Answer 15

induction

Question 16

(endoderm/ectoderm) forms lens

Answer 16

ectoderm

Question 17

cell in the nucelus are activated then they are under (determination/restriciton)

Answer 17

determination

Question 18

cell that is inactived is under (determination/restriction)

Answer 18

restriction

Question 19

(hyperplasia/metaplasia) is a pathologic de-differentiation and re-differentation

Answer 19

metaplasia

Question 20

give an example of differntiation (lens/skin)

Answer 20

skin

Question 21

give an example of selective cell death (hand/brain/lens/skin) pick two

Answer 21

hand , brain

Question 22

affected cells are programmed to undergo apoptosis by spefice ____

Answer 22

genes

Question 23

Physical movement of cells from one location to another. Usually involving amoeboid movement and chemotaxis towards or away from specific developmental factors.
Can involve only a part of the cell in cases of nerve axons.
–describe (migration/induction)

Answer 23

migration

Question 24

somite is a example of (selective cell death/migration)

Answer 24

migration

Question 25

Diffusable molecules that are released locally; react with cells to govern pattern of development. ``` match to correct term A)morphogen B)notch C)transcription factors D)receptor tyrosine kinases ```

Answer 25

morphogens

Question 26

conserved intercellular signaling pathway directing multiple cell differentiation paths. ``` match to correct term A)morphogen B)notch C)transcription factors D)receptor tyrosine kinases ```

Answer 26

notch

Question 27

Binds to DNA. Many are Homeobox or HLH families ``` match to correct term A)morphogen B)notch C)transcription factors D)receptor tyrosine kinases ```

Answer 27

transcripton factors

Question 28

``` Cell-surface receptors, includes growth factors which regulate cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis, new growth match to correct term A)morphogen B)notch C)transcription factors D)receptor tyrosine kinases ```

Answer 28

receptor tyrosine kinsases

Question 29

often involved in fine-tuning interactions of other developmental factors ``` A)retinoic acid B)transforming growth factor B C)bone morphogenic proteins D)WNT E)bone morphogenic proteins ```

Answer 29

retinoic acid

Question 30

promotes cell growth and differentiation; uses SMAD pathway. ``` A)retinoic acid B)transforming growth factor B C)bone morphogenic proteins D)WNT E)bone morphogenic proteins ```

Answer 30

transforming growth factor Beta

Question 31

one of the pivotal developmental signaling molecules. ``` A)retinoic acid B)transforming growth factor B C)bone morphogenic proteins D)WNT E)bone morphogenic proteins ```

Answer 31

bone morphogenic proteins

Question 32

``` critical developmental gene requires cholesterol to become active. A)retinoic acid B)transforming growth factor B C)bone morphogenic proteins D)WNT E)bone morphogenic proteins ```

Answer 32

hedgehog series

Question 33

``` Critical in pattern development and axis patterning among other things, it uses β-catenin to activate gene sequences. A)retinoic acid B)transforming growth factor B C)bone morphogenic proteins D)WNT E)bone morphogenic proteins ```

Answer 33

WNT