Carbohydrate 11-4-13

Question 1

(sucrose/lactose/maltose/isomaltose)

glucose + fructose (table sugar)

Answer 1

sucrose

Question 2

(sucrose/lactose/maltose/isomaltose)

-galactose + glucose (milk & dairy products)

Answer 2

lactose

Question 3

(sucrose/lactose/maltose/isomaltose)

glucose + glucose

Answer 3

maltose, and isomaltose

Question 4

monosaccharide has (4/5) asymmetic carbons

Answer 4

4

Question 5

(D/L) enantiomer is when asymmetric C

farthest from carbonyl has OH on left

Answer 5

L

Question 6

(D/L) enantiomer is when asymmetric C

farthest from carbonyl has OH on right

Answer 6

D

Question 7

(epimers/enantiomers)different configuration around a single asymmetric carbon

Answer 7

epimers

Question 8

what is a asymmetic carbon ?

Answer 8

has different chemical groups

Question 9

(amylose/amylopectin) unbranched a(1,4) bonds between glucose

Answer 9

amylose

Question 10

(amylose/amylopectin) branched, a(1,4) & a(1,6) bonds between glucose

Answer 10

amyloptectin

Question 11

Both starch and glucogen have (D/L) glucose polymrs

Answer 11

D

Question 12

hihgly branched molecule (increases/decrease) solubility

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

Cellulose uses (beta/alpha)glycosidic bonds

Answer 13

beta

Question 14

why is cellulose not digestible for human enzymes?

Answer 14

because they have beta glyosidic bonds

Question 15

(mehcanical/chemical)cleavage of glycosidic bonds by glycosidases

Answer 15

chemical

Question 16

(mehcanical/chemical) chewing & mixing of foods

Answer 16

mechanical

Question 17

both salivary and pancreatic digestion uses (alpha-amylase/amylose)

Answer 17

alpha-amylase

Question 18

(alpha-amylase/brush order disaccharidases in intesinal mucosa) cleave glucose a(1,6) glucose bonds

Answer 18

brush order disaccharidases

Question 19

(alpha-amylase/brush order disaccharidases) cleaves glucose a(1,4) glucose bonds only

Answer 19

alpha-amylase

Question 20

name the three sugars that are taken up and distributes to organs and into cells–

Answer 20

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 21

(brush border/ brush border disaccharidases) lumenal surface of intestinal mucosal cells

Answer 21

brush border

Question 22

name the 4 properties of monosaccharide transporters

Answer 22

• specificity
• affinity
• capacity
• hormonal regulation

Question 23

T/F Tissue-specific distribution of transporters reflects physiological needs of organ/ tissue for glucose utilization

Answer 23

T

Question 24

• basal glucose uptake
• insulin-dependent uptake
• high-capacity glucose uptake
• Na+-dependent cotransporters

(constant supply @ both high & low blood glucose)

Answer 24

basal glucose uptake

Question 25

- basal glucose uptake - insulin-dependent uptake - high-capacity glucose uptake - Na+-dependent cotransporters (important in fed state during insulin signaling to lower blood glucose levels)

Answer 25

-insulin-dependent uptake

Question 26

- basal glucose uptake - insulin-dependent uptake - high-capacity glucose uptake - Na+-dependent cotransporters to equilibrate intracellular with blood glucose levels in fed state in glucose-sensing organs

Answer 26

-high-capacity glucose uptake

Question 27

- basal glucose uptake - insulin-dependent uptake - high-capacity glucose uptake - Na+-dependent cotransporters (ATP required) for complete absorption of glucose from GI to circulation (low glu=> high glu)

Answer 27

-Na+-dependent cotransporters

Question 28

liver and ___- are glucose sensor

Answer 28

pancreas

Question 29

(Na+/K+) is the dependent co-transporter, important for absoption of glucose in SI

Answer 29

NA+

Question 30

3 Na+ OUT & (3/2) K+ IN | --Na+/K+ ATPase

Answer 30

2

Question 31

3 Na+ (OUT/IN) & 2 K+ (IN/OUT)

Answer 31

out, in

Question 32

GLUT (2/3/1/4) 1) )Sensors of blood glucose levels 2) Signal for FED state

Answer 32

GLUT 2

Question 33

GLUT (2/3/1/4) 1) Preferential uptake in FED state 2) Return blood glucose levels to normal

Answer 33

GLUT 4

Question 34

GLUT (2/3/1/4) Continuous uptake (FED & FASTING) Uptake @ low [blood glucose]

Answer 34

GLUT 3,1

Question 35

T/F SGLUT1 Glucose, galactose co-transporter with Na+ (same direction); Uptake of sugar from lumen of SI against gradient

Answer 35

T

Question 36

Targeting GLUT (1/3) inhibits BTIC growth and tumorigenic potential

Answer 36

Glut 3

Question 37

``` Due to genetic defect (inherited) - Primary deficiency - Permanent effect (irreversible) - Early onset (infancy or childhood) is (congenital/acquired) ```

Answer 37

congenital

Question 38

- Due to disease, injury or medication - Secondary deficiency - Transient/ temporary loss of activity (reversible) - Adult onset is (congenital/acquired)

Answer 38

acquired

Question 39

(normal/deficient) > 1.7 mmol/L (30 mg/dL) | normal/deficient) < 1.1 mmol/L (20 mg/dL

Answer 39

normal, deficient

Question 40

T/F lactase deficeincy can only be congenital

Answer 40

F can be congenital , or secondray due to intestinal disease