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MCBM > Carbohydrate 11-4-13 > Flashcards

Carbohydrate 11-4-13 Flashcards

1
Q

(sucrose/lactose/maltose/isomaltose)

glucose + fructose (table sugar)

A

sucrose

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2
Q

(sucrose/lactose/maltose/isomaltose)

-galactose + glucose (milk & dairy products)

A

lactose

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3
Q

(sucrose/lactose/maltose/isomaltose)

glucose + glucose

A

maltose, and isomaltose

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4
Q

monosaccharide has (4/5) asymmetic carbons

A

4

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5
Q

(D/L) enantiomer is when asymmetric C

farthest from carbonyl has OH on left

A

L

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6
Q

(D/L) enantiomer is when asymmetric C

farthest from carbonyl has OH on right

A

D

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7
Q

(epimers/enantiomers)different configuration around a single asymmetric carbon

A

epimers

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8
Q

what is a asymmetic carbon ?

A

has different chemical groups

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9
Q

(amylose/amylopectin) unbranched a(1,4) bonds between glucose

A

amylose

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10
Q

(amylose/amylopectin) branched, a(1,4) & a(1,6) bonds between glucose

A

amyloptectin

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11
Q

Both starch and glucogen have (D/L) glucose polymrs

A

D

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12
Q

hihgly branched molecule (increases/decrease) solubility

A

increases

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13
Q

Cellulose uses (beta/alpha)glycosidic bonds

A

beta

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14
Q

why is cellulose not digestible for human enzymes?

A

because they have beta glyosidic bonds

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15
Q

(mehcanical/chemical)cleavage of glycosidic bonds by glycosidases

A

chemical

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16
Q

(mehcanical/chemical) chewing & mixing of foods

A

mechanical

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17
Q

both salivary and pancreatic digestion uses (alpha-amylase/amylose)

A

alpha-amylase

18
Q

(alpha-amylase/brush order disaccharidases in intesinal mucosa) cleave glucose a(1,6) glucose bonds

A

brush order disaccharidases

19
Q

(alpha-amylase/brush order disaccharidases) cleaves glucose a(1,4) glucose bonds only

A

alpha-amylase

20
Q

name the three sugars that are taken up and distributes to organs and into cells–

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

21
Q

(brush border/ brush border disaccharidases) lumenal surface of intestinal mucosal cells

A

brush border

22
Q

name the 4 properties of monosaccharide transporters

A
  • specificity
  • affinity
  • capacity
  • hormonal regulation
23
Q

T/F Tissue-specific distribution of transporters reflects physiological needs of organ/ tissue for glucose utilization

A

T

24
Q
  • basal glucose uptake
  • insulin-dependent uptake
  • high-capacity glucose uptake
  • Na+-dependent cotransporters

(constant supply @ both high & low blood glucose)

A

basal glucose uptake

25
Q
  • basal glucose uptake
  • insulin-dependent uptake
  • high-capacity glucose uptake
  • Na+-dependent cotransporters

(important in fed state during insulin signaling to lower blood glucose levels)

A

-insulin-dependent uptake

26
Q
  • basal glucose uptake
  • insulin-dependent uptake
  • high-capacity glucose uptake
  • Na+-dependent cotransporters

to equilibrate intracellular with blood glucose levels in fed state in glucose-sensing organs

A

-high-capacity glucose uptake

27
Q
  • basal glucose uptake
  • insulin-dependent uptake
  • high-capacity glucose uptake
  • Na+-dependent cotransporters

(ATP required) for complete absorption of glucose from GI to circulation (low glu=> high glu)

A

-Na+-dependent cotransporters

28
Q

liver and ___- are glucose sensor

A

pancreas

29
Q

(Na+/K+) is the dependent co-transporter, important for absoption of glucose in SI

A

NA+

30
Q

3 Na+ OUT & (3/2) K+ IN

–Na+/K+ ATPase

A

2

31
Q

3 Na+ (OUT/IN) & 2 K+ (IN/OUT)

A

out, in

32
Q

GLUT (2/3/1/4)

1) )Sensors of blood glucose levels
2) Signal for FED state

A

GLUT 2

33
Q

GLUT (2/3/1/4)

1) Preferential uptake in FED state
2) Return blood glucose levels to normal

A

GLUT 4

34
Q

GLUT (2/3/1/4)
Continuous uptake (FED & FASTING)
Uptake @ low [blood glucose]

A

GLUT 3,1

35
Q

T/F
SGLUT1
Glucose, galactose co-transporter with Na+ (same direction); Uptake of sugar from lumen of SI against gradient

A

T

36
Q

Targeting GLUT (1/3) inhibits BTIC growth and tumorigenic potential

A

Glut 3

37
Q 
Due to genetic defect (inherited)
	 - Primary deficiency
	 - Permanent effect (irreversible)
	 - Early onset (infancy or childhood)
is (congenital/acquired)
A

congenital

38
Q
  • Due to disease, injury or medication
  • Secondary deficiency
  • Transient/ temporary loss of activity (reversible)
  • Adult onset
    is (congenital/acquired)
A

acquired

39
Q

(normal/deficient) > 1.7 mmol/L (30 mg/dL)

normal/deficient) < 1.1 mmol/L (20 mg/dL

A

normal, deficient

40
Q

T/F lactase deficeincy can only be congenital

A

F can be congenital , or secondray due to intestinal disease

MCBM (15 decks)

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