FATIMA Flashcards
causes pulmonary and hepatic toxicity with long-term use
nitrofurantoin
which agents are used to reduce the risk of death in ppt with systolic HF?
Beta-blockers
ACE OR ARBS
Spirolactone or eplerenone
hydralazine
nitrates
(def): data shows no difference between 2 experimental treatments but there is actually a difference
type II error: null hypothesis (assumes there’s no difference) is false
(def): confirm efficacy/ effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it with standard or similar interventions, and collect information about safety
phase 3 study
what to use in areas of chloroquine-resistant malaria?
atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine
active ingredients in malarone?
atovaquone 250mg and proguanil hydrochloride 100mg.
products used in allergic conjunctiva?
ketotifen (anti-histamine)
sodium cromoglycate + nedocromil (mast cell stabilizer)
products used in dry eyes?
polysorbate
used in ocular abrasion to reduce pain
flurbiprofen (NSAID)
agent used to reduce eye redness?
naphazoline (vasoconstrictor)
good physical exercise for osteoporosis?
regular weightlifting (NOT SWIMING)
good physical exercise for osteoarthritis?
regular swimming (NOT WEIGHT-LIFTING)
class 100 environment means_______.
no more than 100 particles 0.5 micron or larger present per cubic foot
provide examples of Estrogen/Progestogen Combinations for Emergency Contraception?
Alesse (20mcg estrogen + 100mcg levonorgestrol)
MinOvral (30mcg estrogen + 150mcg levonorgestrol)
Triquilar (30mcg estrogen + 125mcg levonorgestrol)
how to use alesse for an emergency indication?
-5 tabs to be taken po & another 5 tabs to be taken po after 12 hours
how to use minOvral for an emergency indication?
-4 tabs to be taken po & another 4 tabs to be taken po after 12 hours
how to use triquilar for an emergency indication?
-4 yellow tabs to be taken po & another 4 yellow tabs to be taken po after 12 hours
_______ is money that has already been spent and cannot be recovered.
sunk cost
what should be the ACR value range for a case to be diagnosed as a nephropathy?
-higher than 2.0 mg/mmol in men
- higher than 2.8 mg/mmol in women
If the PSI score is ≥91, the recommendation is to treat in ________.
hospital
Methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) pneumonia is treated with_____
cloxacillin, cefazolin
Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) pneumonia is treated with_____.
vancomycin, linezolid
often should patients on clozapine perform blood work assessment?
every week for 6 months; after 6 months, tests should be performed every 2 weeks
Within 6 months of initiation, these drugs decrease serum PSA levels by approximately 50% in patients with BPH and may partially suppress serum PSA in those with prostate cancer.
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
The _________ Questionnaire (mTOQ-4) is a validated tool used to assess a patient’s clinical response to acute therapy
Migraine Treatment Optimization
maximum duration of teriperatide?
24months
FAST score for Alzheimers?
pre-clinical=3
mild=4
moderate=5
severe= 6
terminal=7
The daily dose of clarithromycin should be limited to ________ in patients with severe renal impairment
500 mg
antibiotics (with dosage) for community-acquired pneumonia?
ciprofloxacin:
500–750 mg BID PO
levofloxacin:
Oral: 500 mg Q24H PO × 10 days
or 750 mg Q24H PO × 5 days
moxifloxacin:
400 mg Q24H PO/IV
Azithromycin:
PO: 500 mg on the first day then 250 mg daily PO × 4 days
or 500 mg daily PO × 3 days
Clarithromycin:
Regular-release: 500 mg BID PO
Erythromycin:
500 mg QID PO
Doxycycline:
100 mg BID on first day then 100 mg daily PO
what is the maximum permissible dosage of triamcinolone in adults and kids?
Adults and children ≥12 y: 2 sprays (55 mcg/spray) in each nostril once daily, may decrease to 1 spray in each nostril once daily
Children 4–11 y: 1 spray in each nostril once daily, may increase to 2 sprays in each nostril once daily if needed. Decrease to 1 spray in each nostril daily for maintenance; maximum 110 mcg/day
Respiratory fluoroquinolones include:
levofloxacin & moxifloxacin.
provide examples of first-generation antihistamines?
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, doxylamine, chlorphenylramine, azatadine, cyproheptadine, meclizine, cyclizine (*has anti-emetic properties), hydroxyzine
provide examples of second-generation antihistamines?
cetrizine, fexofenadine, loratadine, rupatadine, desloratadine
unique properties about desloratadine?
decongestant property with minimal emetic property
what is the maximum daily dose of gliclazide?
320 mg/day PO; administer in 2 divided doses if daily dose ≥160 mg
Hypoglycemic effects in sulfonylurea can be potentiated by ______.
salicylates, sulfonamides and monoamine oxidase inhibitors
washout period between when switching from tetracycline to isotretinoin?
7-day period
due to increased risk of high cranial pressure
which PDE-5 inhibitors is affected by fatty meals?
sildenafil (delays Tmax*)
Vardenafil (reduces Cmax)
which type of hypersensitivity is not managed antihistamines?
type 4 reaction
anti-retroviral that should be avoided in patients with positive HLA-B5701?
abacavir
T/F: didanosine is used in HIV post-exposure prophylaxis
FALSE!
__________is an adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor that exerts its action by inhibiting steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase
metyrapone
_______ is an agent that interferes with the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones by preventing the iodination & proteolytic release of thyroid hormones.
SSKI (*saturated solution of potassium iodine)
_________ is used to treat certain fertility problems in women. Binds to the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSH), which results in ovulation in the absence of sufficient endogenous luteinizing hormone (LH). It also binds the LH receptor, thereby stimulating proper hormone release.
menotropin
______ is an agent used in hyperhidrosis and headaches. It interferes with the release of AcH
Onabotulism toxin A (Botox)
T/F: Acetaminophen does not interfere with warfarin
false; a dose higher than 2g/day reduces the metabolism of warfarin= increasing INR
______ is a monoclonal antibody that targets proteasomes.
bortezomib
what is the normal respiratory rate?
10-20 breaths/minute
what is the normal resting heart rate?
60-100 beats/minute
Somogyi VS dawn phenomenon
Dawn phenomenon happens when hormones your body naturally makes in the early morning (including cortisol and growth hormone) increase your blood sugar. The Somogyi effect also involves a surge of hormones, but it’s due to a low blood sugar episode overnight. Dawn phenomenon doesn’t happen because of low blood sugar.
