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OLD > face/head/neck muscles > Flashcards

face/head/neck muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin?

A

the staitionary end of the muscle

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2
Q

What is the insertion?

A

the movable end of the muscle

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3
Q

When does movement occur?

A

when muscles contract across diarthrotic synovial joints

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4
Q

What happens when muscles contract?

A

the insertion moves toward the origin

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5
Q

What is action?

A

the movement produced when a muscle contracts

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6
Q

What is the prime mover/agonist?

A

the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing movement

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7
Q

What is the synergist?

A

helps the prime mover

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8
Q

What is the antagonist?

A

opposes/reverses a movement

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9
Q

What are fixators?

A

specialized synergists; stabilize or hold a bone still (ex.= postural muscles stabilize the vertebral column & muscles that hold scapula down)

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10
Q

How are muscles named?

A

by direction, size, number of origins, location, attachment sites, shape, action, & relative position

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11
Q

What does rectus mean?

A

straight (ex.= rectus femoris; rectus abdominis)

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12
Q

What does oblique mean?

A

slanted (ex.= runs slanted across abdomen)

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13
Q

What does maximus/magnus/major mean?

A

largest (ex.= gluteus maximus)

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14
Q

What does minimus/minor mean?

A

smallest

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15
Q

What does longus/longissimus mean?

A

long

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16
Q

What does brevis mean?

A

short

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17
Q

What does teres mean?

A

long & round

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18
Q

What does temporalis mean?

A

lies over the temporal bone

19
Q

What does frontalis mean?

A

lies over the frontal bone

20
Q

What does deltoid mean?

A

triangular

21
Q

What does serratus mean?

A

saw-toothed

22
Q

What does externus/superficial is mean?

A

at or toward the surface

23
Q

What does internus/profundus mean?

A

deeper muscles

24
Q

What does extrinsic mean?

A

superficial (on the outside of an organ); stabilizes the position of the organ

25
Q

What does intrinsic mean?

A

located entirely within an organ

26
Q

What are examples of naming muscles by direction?

A

rectus & oblique

27
Q

What are examples of naming muscles by size?

A

maximus, magnus, major, minimus, minor, longus, longissimus, brevis, & teres

28
Q

What are examples of naming muscles by location?

A

temporalis & frontalis

29
Q

What are examples of naming muscles by number of origins?

A

biceps, triceps, & quadriceps

30
Q

What are examples of naming muscles by attachment sites?

A

sternocleidomastoid

31
Q

What are examples of naming muscles by shape?

A

deltoid & serratus

32
Q

What are examples of naming muscles by action?

A

flexor, extensor, adductor, & extensor digitorum

33
Q

What are examples of naming muscles by relative position?

A

externus, superficialis, internus, profundus, extrinsic, & intrinsic

34
Q

What is the cranial aponeurosis?

A

fibrous sheet that covers the head

35
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the frontalis?

A

O= cranial aponeurosis, I= skin of eyebrows, A= raises eyebrows & wrinkles forehead

36
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the orbicularis oculi?

A

O= frontal bone & maxilla, I= tissue around eyes, A= closes eyes; blink/squint/wink

37
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the orbicularis oris?

A

O= mandible & maxilla, I= around the mouth, A= closes & protrudes lips; “kissing muscle”

38
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the zygomaticus?

A

O= zygomatic bone, I= corner of mouth, A= minor: raises upper lip/“sneer”, major: raises corner of mouth upward/“smiling muscle”

39
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the mentalis?

A

O= mental protuberance, I= skin of lower lip, A= elevates & protrudes lower lip; “pouting”

40
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the masseter?

A

O= zygomatic arch, I= ramus of mandible, A= closes jaw/chewing (prime mover)

41
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the temporalis?

A

O= temporal bone, I= mandible (coronoid process), A= closes jaw (synergist to masseter)

42
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the buccinator?

A

O= maxilla & mandible near molars, I= orbicularis oris, A= compresses cheek for whistling & sucking; holds food between teeth when chewing

43
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the platysma?

A

O= chest, I= skin around corners of mouth, A= pulls corners of mouth inferior producing a downward sag of the mouth

44
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

O= sternum & clavicle (2 origins fuse before insertion), I= mastoid process, A= when they contract together the neck flexes; bowing down/“prayer muscle”

OLD (9 decks)

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