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chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

the study of the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions

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3
Q

What are the major organ systems?

A

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, & reproductive

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4
Q

What is a function of the integumentary organ system?

A

helps regulate body temperature

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5
Q

What is a function of the skeletal organ system?

A

stores calcium and other minerals

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6
Q

What is a function of the muscular organ system?

A

provides movement

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7
Q

What is a function of the nervous organ system?

A

coordinates activities of other organ systems

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8
Q

What is a function of the endocrine organ system?

A

secretes hormones that direct changes in activities of other organ systems

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9
Q

What is a function of the lymphatic organ system?

A

defends against infection and disease

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10
Q

What is a function of the cardiovascular organ system?

A

distributes blood cells, water, nutrients, wastes, oxygen, & carbon dioxide

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11
Q

What is a function of the respiratory organ system?

A

delivers air to alveoli

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12
Q

What is a function of the digestive system?

A

processes and digests food

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13
Q

What is a function of the urinary organ system?

A

excretes waste products from blood

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14
Q

What is a function of the reproductive organ system?

A

sexual intercourse/reproduction

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15
Q

What is an organ in the integumentary organ system?

A

skin

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16
Q

What is an organ in the skeletal organ system?

A

bones

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17
Q

What is an organ in the muscular organ system?

A

skeletal muscles

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18
Q

What is an organ in the nervous organ system?

A

brain

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19
Q

What is an organ in the endocrine organ system?

A

pituitary gland

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20
Q

What is an organ in the lymphatic organ system?

A

spleen

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21
Q

What is an organ in the cardiovascular organ system?

A

heart

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22
Q

What is an organ in the respiratory organ system?

A

lungs

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23
Q

What is an organ in the digestive organ system?

A

esophagus

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24
Q

What is an organ in the urinary organ system?

A

kidneys

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25
Q

What is an organ in the male reproductive organ system?

A

testes

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26
Q

What is an organ in the female reproductive organ system?

A

ovaries

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27
Q

What is anatomical position?

A

facing forward, feet parallel with toes facing forward, arms at sides with palms facing forward

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28
Q

What does superior mean?

A

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

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29
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

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30
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

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31
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

toward or at the backside of the body; behind

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32
Q

What does medial mean?

A

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

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33
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

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34
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

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35
Q

What does distal mean?

A

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

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36
Q

What does superficial mean?

A

toward or at the body surface; external

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37
Q

What does deep mean?

A

away from the body surface; internal

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38
Q

What is the anterior trunk inferior to the ribs?

A

abdominal

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39
Q

What is the point of shoulder?

A

acromial

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40
Q

What is the anterior surface of elbow?

A

antecubital

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41
Q

What is the groin?

A

inguinal

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42
Q

What is the navel/belly button?

A

umbilical

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43
Q

What is the armpit?

A

axillary

44
Q

What is the arm?

A

brachial

45
Q

What is the cheek?

A

buccal

46
Q

What is the wrist?

A

carpal

47
Q

What is the neck?

A

cervical

48
Q

What is the shin?

A

crural

49
Q

What is the hip?

A

coxal

50
Q

What are the fingers?

A

digital

51
Q

What is the thigh?

A

femoral

52
Q

What is the lateral lower leg?

A

fibular

53
Q

What is the nose?

A

nasal

54
Q

What is the mouth?

A

oral

55
Q

What is the eye?

A

orbital

56
Q

What is the anterior knee?

A

pateller

57
Q

What is the pelvis region?

A

pelvic

58
Q

What is the genital region?

A

pubic

59
Q

What is the breastbone?

A

sternal

60
Q

What is the ankle?

A

tarsal

61
Q

What is the chest?

A

thoracic

62
Q

What is the head?

A

cephalic

63
Q

What is the curve of shoulder?

A

deltoid

64
Q

What are the buttocks?

A

gluteal

65
Q

What is the low back (between ribs and hips)?

A

lumbar

66
Q

What is the posterior surface of head?

A

occipital

67
Q

What is the posterior knee?

A

popliteal

68
Q

What is the area between the hips?

A

sacral

69
Q

What is the shoulder blade region?

A

scapular

70
Q

What is the spine?

A

vertebral

71
Q

What is the calf?

A

sural

72
Q

What does sagittal mean?

A

cut lengthwise that divides into right and left parts

73
Q

What does median/midsagittal mean?

A

equal right and left halves

74
Q

What does frontal/coronal mean?

A

lengthwise cut that divides into anterior and posterior parts

75
Q

What does transverse (cross-section) mean?

A

horizontal cut that divides into superior and inferior parts

76
Q

What does the Cranial Cavity do?

A

surrounds the brain

77
Q

What does the Spinal Cavity do?

A

surrounds the spinal cord

78
Q

What does the Pleural Cavity do?

A

surrounds lungs

79
Q

What does the Mediastinum do?

A

separates the pleural cavities; contains the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels

80
Q

What does the Pericardial Cavity do?

A

surrounds heart

81
Q

What does the Abdominal Cavity do?

A

contains digestive organs and glands

82
Q

What does the Pelvic Cavity do?

A

contains bladder, reproductive organs, and last part of digestive tract

83
Q

What does the diaphragm do?

A

separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

84
Q

What are serous membranes?

A

watery layers that line the walls of cavities to reduce friction

85
Q

What does the visceral layer do?

A

covers the outside surface of an organ

86
Q

What does the parietal layer do?

A

lines the surface of the cavity

87
Q

What are the abdominopelvic quadrants?

A

right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, & left lower quadrant

88
Q

What are the abdominopelvic regions?

A

umbilical, epigastric, hupogastric, right and left iliac/inguinal, right and left lumbar, & right and left hypochondriac

89
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

maintaining a stable internal environment

90
Q

What is the receptor?

A

a sensor that is sensitive to a particular environmental change or stimulus

91
Q

What is the control center?

A

it receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands

92
Q

What is the effector?

A

a cell or organ that responds to the commands and either opposes or enhances the stimulus

93
Q

What information travels along the afferent pathway?

A

information sent from the receptor to the control center

94
Q

What information travels along the efferent pathway?

A

information sent from the control center to the effector

95
Q

What is the negative feedback mechanism?

A

responds to a stimulus by shutting it off or reducing its intensity; or reversed the changes in order to restore the body back to normal

96
Q

What is the positive feedback mechanism?

A

responds to a stimulus by increasing its intensity or effect; occurs only in a dangerous situation

97
Q

What is a state of equilibrium?

A

it exists when opposing processes or forces are in balance; the body always tries to maintain equilibrium because the failure to do so leads to disease and/or death

98
Q

What is DSA?

A

complex computerized x-ray equipment, requires an injection of a special dye

99
Q

What is a PET scan?

A

uses radioactive tracer, creates 3D pictures, can check brain functions, blood flow, and cancer

100
Q

What is a CT scan?

A

series of x-ray images from different angles, cross sectional slices, used for quick trauma examinations

101
Q

What is MRI?

A

uses magnetic field and radio waves, produces digital images, shows problems that cannot be seen on x-ray, ultrasound, or CT

102
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

uses high frequency sound waves, can view organs, does not expose you to radiation

103
Q

What is x-ray?

A

uses small dose of radiation, used to diagnose fractured bones and joint dislocation, more dense areas appear lighter

104
Q

What does prone mean?

A

lying on stomach/facedown

105
Q

What does supine mean?

A

lying on back/face up

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