Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OLD > axial skeleton part 2 > Flashcards

axial skeleton part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the vertebral column consist of?

A

24 single bones (vertebrae) and 2 fused bones (sacrum & coccyx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

A

axial support and weight bearing, transfers weight to lower limbs, surrounds & protects spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When are spinal curves developed?

A

all 4 are developed by age 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When are primary curvatures present?

A

at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the primary curvatures?

A

thoracic curve & sacral curves; give the baby “C” posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When do the secondary curvatures develop?

A

after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the secondary curvatures?

A

cervical curve & lumbar curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does the cervical curve develop?

A

as infants learn to balance the weight of their head on their neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does the lumbar curve develop?

A

with the ability to stand; balances the weight of the trunk over the lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the abnormal spinal curvatures?

A

kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

the thoracic curve becomes exaggerated posteriorly, producing a rounded-back or “humpback”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is lordosis?

A

an anterior exaggeration of the lumbar curve; bending backward or “swayback”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine; most common distortion of the spinal curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the vertebral body?

A

rounded central portion; transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are characteristics of the vertebral body?

A

connected to adjacent vertebrae by ligaments; have intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are intervertebral discs?

A

fibrocartilage pads that separate vertebrae & absorb shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the vertebral foramen?

A

where spinal cord passes through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the spinous process?

A

the part you can feel & see on your back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the transverse process?

A

two lateral projections; sites for muscle attachments & may articulate with the ribs

21
Q

What are the intervertebral foramina?

A

gaps between the pedicles of successive vertebrae; permit nerves to pass to & from the spinal cord

22
Q

What are pedicles?

A

connect the body with the transverse processes

23
Q

What are lamina?

A

connect the transverse processes with the spinous process

24
Q

What are the cervical vertebrae?

A

of the neck; C1-C7 (7 vertebrae)

25
Q

What is the atlas?

A

C1; lacks a body & spinous process; the articulation with the occipital condyles of the skull allows you to nod your head “yes”

26
Q

What is the axis?

A

C2; acts as a pivot for rotation of the atlas & skull; joint between C1 & C2 allows you to rotate your head to say “no”

27
Q

What is the odontoid process (dens)?

A

part of the axis; large vertical process that is the pivot point

28
Q

What are C3-C7?

A

the smallest, lightest vertebrae; spinous process divided into 2 branches (“split tip”); transverse processes have transverse foramina where vertebral arteries pass to the brain

29
Q

What is C7?

A

vertebrae prominens

30
Q

What are the thoracic vertebrae?

A

T1-T12 (12 vertebrae)

31
Q

What are costal facets?

A

on the thoracic vertebrae; articulating surfaces on each side that articulate with the ribs

32
Q

What are characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

body is larger than cervical & somewhat heart-shaped; spinous process is long with a sharp downward angle; vertebral foramen is circular

33
Q

What are the lumbar vertebrae?

A

L1-L5 (5 vertebrae)

34
Q

What are the characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

large body; oval-shaped; vertebral foramen is triangular; short, thick, hatchet-shaped spinous processes; sturdiest because they are subjected to the most stress

35
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

5 fused vertebrae; forms the posterior border of pelvis

36
Q

What is the median sacral crest?

A

remnants of the spinous process of the fused vertebrae

37
Q

What is the ala?

A

wing-like projections that articulate with hip bones (sacroiliac/SI joint)

38
Q

What is the sacral promontory?

A

the prominent ridge on the anterior side of the 1st sacral vertebrae

39
Q

What are the sacral foramina?

A

openings for passage of the sacral nerves

40
Q

What is the coccyx?

A

4 fused vertebrae (3-5 bones); remnant of the tail

41
Q

What is the bony thorax/thoracic cage?

A

composed of sternum, ribs, & thoracic vertebrae; forms protective cage surrounding the heart, lungs, etc.

42
Q

What is the sternum/breastbone?

A

flat bone; fusion of 3 bones: manubrium, body, & xiphoid process

43
Q

What is the manubrium?

A

articulates with clavicles (collar bones) and the cartilages of the 1st ribs

44
Q

What is the body?

A

where ribs 2-7 attach

45
Q

What is the xiphoid process?

A

where the diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscle attach

46
Q

What is the area where the manubrium articulates with the clavicle?

A

sternoclavicular/SC joint

47
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12; all articulate posteriorly to the vertebral column

48
Q

What are true ribs?

A

the 1st 7 pairs; attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages

49
Q

What are false ribs?

A

the next 5 pairs; pairs 8-10 have indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum; the last 2 pairs are floating ribs (no sternal attachment)

OLD (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions