appendicular skeleton part 1 Flashcards
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
What is included in the appendicular skeleton?
limbs, pectoral girdle, & pelvic girdle
What is the pectoral girdle?
shoulder
What are characteristics of the pectoral girdle?
includes clavicle & scapula, anchors upper limbs to axial skeleton, provides attachment for trunk & neck muscles
What is the clavicle?
collarbone
What are characteristics of the clavicle?
medial attachment at manubrium of sternum (sternoclavicular joint) & lateral attachment at scapula (acromioclavicular joint)
What is the scapula?
shoulder blade
What are the characteristics of the scapula?
has no direct attachment to the axial skeleton; it is held in place by trunk muscles & it articulates with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint
What are the 3 angles of the scapula?
superior, inferior, & lateral
What are the 3 borders of the scapula?
superior, medial (vertebral), & lateral (axillary)
What is the acromion process?
on the scapula; connects with the clavicle
What is the coracoid process?
on the scapula; anchor for some upper limb muscles
What is the glenoid cavity?
on the scapula; socket that holds the head of the humerus
What is the subscapular fossa?
depression on the anterior surface
What is the scapular spine?
ridge across the posterior surface
What is the supraspinous fossa?
superior to scapular spine
What is the infraspinous fossa?
inferior to the scapular spine
What is the humerus?
the arm
What is the head of the humerus?
proximal end; fits into the glenoid cavity to form a ball-and-socket joint
What are the greater and lesser tubercles?
on the humerus; separated by the intertubercular groove (tendon of the bicep muscle runs through)
What is the deltoid tuberosity?
on the midshaft of the humerus; rough area where deltoid muscle attaches
What is the radial groove?
on posterior surface of humerus; radial nerve runs along the groove
What is the condyle?
distal end of humerus; articulates with radius & ulna
What is the medial trochlea?
on the condyle; articulates with ulna
What is the lateral capitulum?
on the condyle; articulates with radius
What are the medial & lateral epicondyles?
on the humerus; includes the ulnar nerve
What is the ulnar groove?
where the ulnar nerve runs through
What are the coronoid fossa & olecranon fossa?
depressions that allow the corresponding processes of the ulna to move freely during flexion & extension
What is the radius?
forearm bone on the lateral/thumb side
What is the head of the radius?
articulates with capitulum of humerus
What is the radial tuberosity?
medial to the head; attachment for the biceps muscle
What is the styloid process of the radius?
distal end of the radius
What is the ulna?
forearm bone on the medial/pinky side
What is the coronoid process?
anterior side of ulna
What is the olecranon process?
elbow; posterior side of ulna
What is the trochlear notch?
separates the coronoid and olecranon process
What is the radial notch?
on the ulna; articulates with the head of the radius
What is the styloid process of the ulna?
distal end of ulna; attachment for wrist ligaments
What is the ulnar head?
distal end of ulna
What is the carpal (wrist)?
2 irregular rows of 4 bones held together by ligaments
What is the proximal carpal row (lateral to medial)?
scaphoid-lunate-triquetrum-pisiform
What is the distal carpal row (lateral to medial)?
trapezium-trapezoid-capitate-hamate
What are the metacarpals (palm of hand)?
numbered 1-5 from thumb side; bases articulate with the carpals; heads articulate with the phalanges
What are the phalanges (fingers/digits)?
numbered 1-5 from thumb side; 14 miniature long bones; each finger (except thumb) has 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
