appendicular skeleton part 2 Flashcards
What is the pelvic girdle?
formed by the 2 coxal (hip) bones
What is the bony pelvis?
2 coxal bones, sacrum, & coccyx
What are characteristics of the pelvic girdle?
flexibility & mobility is sacrificed for strength & weight-bearing; pelvis is very stable due to bone structure & ligaments
What are the coxal (hip) bones?
consists of 3 smaller bones fused together: ilium, ischium, & pubis
What is the ilium?
forms the largest part of the coxal bone; connected to sacrum at the SI joint
What is the iliac crest?
superior margin of the ilium
What are the sites for muscle attachment on the ilium?
anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, & posterior inferior iliac spine
What is the iliac fossa?
medial side; supports abdominal organs
What is the greater sciatic notch?
allows passage of the large sciatic nerve to and from the thigh
What is the ischium?
the “sit-down” bone
What is the ischial spine?
posterior medial ridge
What is the ischial tuberosity?
receives the weight when we sit
What is the pubis?
most anterior part of the coxal bone
What is the pubic symphysis?
where the 2 pubic bones join
What is the obturator foramen?
formed by the pubis and ischium; allows blood vessels & nerves to pass through to the thigh
What is the acetabulum?
formed by all 3 bones where they unite; deep socket that receives the head of the femur
What is the perineum?
inferior border of pelvis
What are the perineal muscles?
form the floor of the pelvis which is supporting the organs
What are characteristics of the female pelvis that differ from the male pelvis?
wider, smoother, lighter, & less prominent markings; less curvature of sacrum & coccyx
What is the femur (thigh)?
heaviest & strongest bone in the body
What is the head of femur?
articulates with acetabulum to form ball-and-socket joint of the hip
What are the greater & lesser trochanters, intertrochanteric crest, & gluteal tuberosity?
on the femur; sites for muscle attachment
What are the lateral & medial condyles of the femur?
at the distal end of femur; articulate with the tibia
What is the patellar surface?
anterior surface that articulates with the tibia
What is the intercondylar fossa?
deep groove between the condyles on posterior side
What are the medial & lateral epicondyles?
sites for knee ligament attachments
What are the bones of the lower leg?
tibia & fibula
What is the tibia?
shin bone
What is the interosseous membrane?
joins the tibia & fibula along their lengths
What are the medial & lateral condyles of the tibia?
articulate with femur to form knee joint
What is the tibial tuberosity?
on anterior tibial surface; site for patellar tendon/ligament attachment
What is the medial malleolus?
on the tibia; forms medial bulge of the ankle; articulates with the talus of the ankle
What is the anterior crest?
sharp ridge along anterior length of tibia
What are characteristics of the fibula?
not part of the knee joint; it is a non weight-bearing bone
What is the head of the fibula?
proximal end; articulates with lateral condyle of tibia
What is the lateral malleolus?
on the fibula; forms lateral bulge of the ankle
What is the ankle?
7 tarsal bones
What tarsal bones is body weight concentrated on?
talus & calcaneous
What does the talus articulate with?
distal end of tibia
What is the calcaneous?
the heel of the foot
What are the 7 tarsal bones?
navicular, cuboid, talus, calcaneous, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, & lateral cuneiform
What is the sole of the foot?
the 5 metatarsal bones
What are the toes?
the 14 phalanges: distal, middle, proximal
