Fabric Manufacture

Question 1

Which direction does the weft and warp go on the woven fabrics?

Answer 1

Weft goes the width of the fabric

Warp goes the length of the fabric

Question 2

Plain weave is the simplest weave, describe the structure.

Answer 2

One over one under.

Question 3

Name the main types of woven fabrics.

Answer 3

Plain, twill, satin, double cloth, and pile weaves.

Question 4

Describe the structure of twill weave.

Answer 4

One over three under horizontally. Produces diagonal lines on the cloth.

Question 5

Describe the structure of satin weave.

Answer 5

One over four under horizontally.

Question 6

Name three types of twill variations.

Answer 6

Tartan, pin stripe, houndstooth.

Question 7

Name two types of satin variations.

Answer 7

Satin stripe, jacquard.

Question 8

What are the three types of main construction methods for making fabric?

Answer 8

Woven, knitted and non-woven.

Question 9

What are cut pile fabrics?

Answer 9

Cut pile fabrics are when a fabric has a third yarn system to form a cut pile on the surface of the fabric. Eg velvet

Question 10

What are uncut loop pile weaves?

Answer 10

The pile warp (third yarn) remains slack and loops above and below the fabric to form the pile, eg towelling fabric.

Question 11

What are coloured woven fabrics?

Answer 11

Colour woven fabrics achieve their pattern effects by using dyed warp and weft yarns in various combinations.

Question 12

Give some examples of colour woven fabrics.

Answer 12

Houndstooth, tartan, oxford and pin stripe.

Question 13

What is double cloth fabric?

Answer 13

When four or more yarn systems are used, effectively two fabrics, one on top of each other which are linked to each other. Adds strength and weight.

Question 14

What is pique?

Answer 14

It is a double cloth with a fine face fabric and a courser back.

Question 15

Name features of satin weaves.

Answer 15

Warp yarn "floats" over weft yarn,
Frays easily 
Have a right and wrong side 
Made from filament yarns
"Floats" snag, not very hard wearing

Question 16

Name features of twill weave.

Answer 16

Hardest wearing weave,
More complicated therefore more expensive,
There’s a right and wrong side,
Uneven surface therefore shows less dirt,
Fabric is firmer which is more likely to fray.

Question 17

Name features of plain weave.

Answer 17

Simplest therefore the cheapest,
Plain surface which is good for printing,
Firm and strong fabric,
Same on both sides.

Question 18

What is a course, and what is a wale?

Answer 18

A course is the row of loops going horizontal (left and right)
A wale is the vertical row of loops (up and down)

Question 19

What are the two types of knit?

Answer 19

Weft and warp.

Question 20

Name some features of weft knit.

Answer 20

Lots of stretch, 
Drapes softly, 
Doesn't crease easily, 
Traps air - good insulator, 
Ladders easily if snagged, 
Obvious back and front.

Question 21

Name some weft knit variations?

Answer 21

Plain and single jersey,
Rib fabric,
Jacquard,
Double piqué.

Question 22

Polyester fleece is weft knit, and has an extra yarn knitted in and brushed on both sides. True or false.

Answer 22

True.

Question 23

State features of the warp knit.

Answer 23

Less stretchy,
Doesn’t ladder,
More variety of fabrics,
Faster production, therefore it is the cheapest method.

Question 24

State a few variations of warp knit.

Answer 24

Tricot, velour, lace.

Question 25

What are non-woven fabrics?

Answer 25

When the fabric is structured with only fibres and not made up into a yarn.

Question 26

Two methods of non woven fabrics are..?

Answer 26

Bonding or felting.

Question 27

Felts can be done by wool or needle. Describe these process.

Answer 27

Wool - animal fibres become entangles into a felt with heat, pressure and alkaline liquids.

Needle - a bulky fibre web is repeatedly penetrated by lots of needles. This drags a number of fibres to the lower side of the web forming loops.

Question 28

How are bonded fabrics produced?

Answer 28

Made with webs of synthetic fibres bonded together with heat or adhesives. These aren’t as strong, but cheap to produce.

Question 29

Name the main features of non-woven constructions.

Answer 29

Cheap to manufacture as they are made straight from fibre, 
No grain line, so cheaper to use, 
Don't fray,
Not as strong,
Do not drape as well.