FA Gram + Rods II Flashcards
Caused by Bacillus anthracis, a gram +, spore-forming rod that produces anthrax toxin.
Anthrax
B anthraces is the only bacterium with polypeptide capsule, which contains
D-glutamate
Inhalation of spores - flu-like symptoms that rapidly progress to fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, mediastinitis, and shock.
Pulmonary anthrax
Contact –+ black eschar (painless ulcer); can progress to bacteremia and death.
Cutaneous anthrax
what are the virulence factors that cause cutaneous anthrax?
Lethal factor and edema factor
black eschar (necrosis) surrounded by edematous ring
black skin lesions caused by cutaneous anthrax
Woolsorters’ disease - inhalation of spores from contaminated woold
pulmonary anthrax
reheated rice syndrome
B cereus
Emetic type of B cereus is usually seen with what types of fod
rice and pasta
emetic type of B cereus is caused by what toxin?
cereulide, a preformed toxin
B cerus causes food poisoning because SPORES survive cooking rice. then keeping the rice warm results in
germination of spores and enterotoxin formation
how long before nausea and vomiting hit after ingestion of B cereus cereulide toxin?
1-5 hours
how long before B cereus diarrheal type causes watery nonbloody diarrhea and GI pain?
8-18 hours
Facultative intracellular microbe that is acquired by ingestion of unpasteurized milk/cheese and deli meats or by vaginal transmission during birth
Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria form WHAT by which they move from cell to cell
“Actin rockets”
characteristic tumbling motility
Listeria
What can listeria do to a pregnant women?
amnionitis, septicemia, spontaneous abortion
what can listeria do to infant/neonate?
granulomatosis infantiseptica (pyogenic all over body plus physical retardation) or neonatal meningitis
what can listeria do to immunocompromised?
meningitis
what can listeria do to healthy individuals?
mild gastroenteritis
how do you treat listeria gastroenteritis?
you don’t - it’s self-limiting
how do you treat listeria meningitis in infants, immunocompromised, and elderly?
ampicillin
what two gram positive bugs form long, branching filaments resembling fungi?
actinomyces and nocardia
Causes oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinus tracts, forms yellow “sulfur granules”
actinomyces
how to treat actinomyces?
penicillin
causes pulmonary infections in immunocompromised and cutaneous infections after trauma in immunocompetent
nocardia
how to treat nocardia?
sulfonamides
Branching filament that is
gram + anaerobe,
NOT acid fast,
normal oral flora
Actinomyces
Branching filament that is
gram + aerobe
acid fast
found in soil
Nocardia
