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FA Gram + Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Gram positive cocci in clusters

A

Staph aureus

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2
Q

What is the virulence factor for S aureus?

A

Protein A

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3
Q

How does protein A work?

A

Binds Fc-IgG, inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis

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4
Q

TSST is a superantigen that binds to WHAT causing WHAT?

A

MHC II and T cell receptor –> poly T cell activation

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5
Q

Presentation of toxic shock syndrome

A 
Fever,
Vomiting,
Rash, 
Desquamation,
Shock,
End organ failure
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6
Q

S aureus food poisoning is due to ingestion of

A

preformed antigen

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7
Q

What types of inflammatory diseases can staph aureus cause?

A

skin infections, organ abscesses, penumonia

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8
Q

What types of toxin-mediated diseases can staph aureus cause?

A

Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1)
Scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin)
Rapid onset food poisoning (enterotoxins)

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9
Q

What is the toxin that causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

TSST-1

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10
Q

What is the toxin that causes scalded skin syndrome?

A

exfoliative toxin

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11
Q

What is the toxin that causes staph aureus rapid-onset food poisoning?

A

enterotoxins

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12
Q

Name an important cause of serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections

A

MRSA

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13
Q

Why is MRSA resistant to beta lactams?

A

Altered penicillin-binding protein

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14
Q

5 broad types of infections caused by MRSA (this is a read my mind question)

A
  1. Inflammatory disease
  2. Toxin-mediated disease
  3. MRSA
  4. Acute bacterial endocarditis
  5. osteomyelitis
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15
Q

How can staph lead to abscess?

A

forms fibrin clot around self

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16
Q

Staph make catalase because they have more staff (compared with strep). Bad staph (aureus) make

A

coagulase and toxins

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17
Q

Infects prosthetic devices and intravenous catheters by producing adherent biofilms. Component of normal skin flora; contaminates blood cultures

A

Staph epidermidis

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18
Q 
What is the most common cause of MOPS:
meningitis
otitis media (in kids)
pneumonia
sinusitis
A

Strep pneumo

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19
Q

strep pneumo is the most common cause of what four conditions

A

meningitis
otitis media (in kids)
pneumonia
sinusitis

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20
Q

Lancet-shaped, gram positive diplococci

A

Strep pneumo

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21
Q

encapsulated bacteria that carries IgA protease

A

Strep pneumo

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22
Q

Rusty sputum pneumonia

A

Strep pneumo

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23
Q

Sepsis in sickle cell

A

Strep pneumo

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24
Q

Sepsis in asplenic pt

A

strep pneumo

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25
Q

to what is strep pneumo sensitive?

A

s pneumo MOPS are Most OPtochin Sensitive

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26
Q

Strep pneumo would have no virulence without its

27
Q

Dental caries

A

Strep mutans (viridans, group D)

28
Q

subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Strep sanguis (viridans, group D)

29
Q

type of hemolysis for strep viridians (group d)

30
Q

how to differentiate viridans from strep pneumo

A

Viridans is optochin resistant, but strep pneumo is optochin sensitive

31
Q

How does s sanguis stick to damaged valves by making

A

glycocalyx

32
Q

viridans are normal flora where?

A

oropharynx

33
Q

Viridians group strep live in the mouth because they are not afraid …. (joke)

A

of the chin! (optochin resistant)

34
Q

strep pyogenes is also called

A

group A strep

35
Q

pyogenic manifestations of strep pyogenes

A

pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo

36
Q

toxigenic manifestations of strep pyogenes

A

scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis

37
Q

immunologic manifestations of strep pyogenes

A

rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis

38
Q

How to differentiate strep pyogenes and agalactiae

A

bacitracin (pyogenes is sensitive)

39
Q

BLANK enhances host defenses against Strep pyogenes, but can also give rise to rheumatic fever

A

ANTIBODIES to M protein (note: imm response NOT bacteria that cause rheumatic fever)

40
Q

how would you detect a recent s pyogenes infection?

41
Q

What are the jones criteria to diagnose rheumatic fever

A

Joints (polyarthritis)

s chorea

42
Q

Strep pyogenes PHaryngitis can result in (the stupidest mnemonic ever)

A

rheumatic PHever and glomerulonePHritis

43
Q

BLANK more commonly precedes PSGN than pharyngitis

44
Q

scarlet rash SPARING face, strawberry tongue, scarlet throat

A

scarlet fever

45
Q

beta hemolytic + bacitracin resistant =

A

Strep agalactiae (group B strep)

46
Q

colonizes vagina; causes pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis, mainly in babies

A

Strep agalactiae (group B strep)

47
Q

S agalactiae produces what factor?

A

CAMP factor (note this is not cyclic AMP)

48
Q

CAMP factor does what?

A

enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S aureus (ugh wait what? why is staph aureus here too?)

49
Q

what test would you do to confirm strep agalactiae presence?

50
Q

because group B hits babies, you should screen pregnant women at

A

35-37 weeks

51
Q

if a pregnant woman has group B positive cultures, she should receive

A

intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis

52
Q

There are two general classes of group D streptococci

A

Enterococci

Strep bovis

53
Q

name two important enterococci (group B strep)

A

E faecalis

E faecium

54
Q

Enterococci are normal colonic flora that are all resistant to what?

A

Penicillin G

55
Q

Three types of infections caused by enterococci

A
  1. UTI
  2. Biliary tract infections
  3. Subacute endocarditis
56
Q

Lancefield grouping is based on differences in the

A

C carbohydrate on the bacterial cell wall.

57
Q

Lancefield group D includes

A

enterococci and nonenteroccal group D streptococci

58
Q

group D strep hemolysis?

59
Q

To distinguish enterococci from nonenterococcal group D

A

enteroccci can grow in 6.5% saline and bile

60
Q

Some enterococci have become resistant to WHAT –> important cause of nosocomial infection

A

Vancomycin –> VRE

61
Q

Colonizes the gut; can cause bacteremia and subacute endocarditis in colon cancer patients

A

Strep bovis (group D)

62
Q

Bovis in the blood =

A

cancer in the colon

63
Q

word association: strep bovis

A

colon cancer

Micro (21 decks)

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