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Micro > FA Endotoxins & Bacterial Growth > Flashcards

FA Endotoxins & Bacterial Growth Flashcards

1
Q

A lipopolysaccharide found in outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria

A

Endotoxin

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2
Q

What is the most important endotoxin of which to be aware?

A

Lipid A

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3
Q

FA says ENDOTOXIN should make you think:

A 
Edema
Nitric oxide
DIC/Death
Outer membrane
TNF-alpha
O-antigen
eXtremely heat stable
IL-1
Neutrophil chemotaxis
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4
Q

endotoxin (esp lipid A) has three primary (first) effects:

A
  1. Activates macrophages
  2. Activates complement
  3. Activates tissue factor
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5
Q

Endotoxin –> activates macrophages –> (three effects)

A

IL-1, TNF-alpha, NO

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6
Q

IL-1 –>

A

Fever

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7
Q

TNF-alpha –>

A

Fever and hypotension

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8
Q

NO –>

A

Hypotension

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9
Q

Endotoxin –> complement activation –> 2 things

A

c3a & c5a

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10
Q

C3a –>

A

hypotension + edema

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11
Q

C5a –>

A

neutrophil chemotaxis

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12
Q

endotoxin –> tissue factor activation –>

A

coagulation cascade –> DIC

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13
Q

what do you call the period of bacterial growth in which there is metabolic activity without division

A

lag phase

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14
Q

what do you call the period of rapid cell division on the bacterial growth curve

A

exponential/log phase

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15
Q

At what phase of bacterial growth do penicillins and cephalosporins act?

A

exponential/log phase (peptidoglycan is being made)

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16
Q

What do you call the period of bacterial growth in which nutrient depletion slows growth

A

stationary phase

17
Q

What do you call the phase of bacterial growth where there is prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste production?

A

death phase

18
Q

at what phase in bacterial growth do some bacteria make spores?

A

stationary phase

19
Q

what are the four phases of bacterial growth:

A
  1. lag phase
  2. exponential growth phase
  3. stationary phase
  4. death phase

Micro (21 decks)

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