FA Endotoxins & Bacterial Growth Flashcards
A lipopolysaccharide found in outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria
Endotoxin
What is the most important endotoxin of which to be aware?
Lipid A
FA says ENDOTOXIN should make you think:
Edema Nitric oxide DIC/Death Outer membrane TNF-alpha O-antigen eXtremely heat stable IL-1 Neutrophil chemotaxis
endotoxin (esp lipid A) has three primary (first) effects:
- Activates macrophages
- Activates complement
- Activates tissue factor
Endotoxin –> activates macrophages –> (three effects)
IL-1, TNF-alpha, NO
IL-1 –>
Fever
TNF-alpha –>
Fever and hypotension
NO –>
Hypotension
Endotoxin –> complement activation –> 2 things
c3a & c5a
C3a –>
hypotension + edema
C5a –>
neutrophil chemotaxis
endotoxin –> tissue factor activation –>
coagulation cascade –> DIC
what do you call the period of bacterial growth in which there is metabolic activity without division
lag phase
what do you call the period of rapid cell division on the bacterial growth curve
exponential/log phase
At what phase of bacterial growth do penicillins and cephalosporins act?
exponential/log phase (peptidoglycan is being made)
What do you call the period of bacterial growth in which nutrient depletion slows growth
stationary phase
What do you call the phase of bacterial growth where there is prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste production?
death phase
at what phase in bacterial growth do some bacteria make spores?
stationary phase
what are the four phases of bacterial growth:
- lag phase
- exponential growth phase
- stationary phase
- death phase
