Eye and Eye movements

Question 1

What vessels exit the Optic Canal?

Answer 1

CN II

Opthalmic A.

Question 2

What structures pass through the Inferior Orbital Fissure?

Answer 2

Maxillary N.

Infraorbital A.

Zygomatic N. (V2)

Question 3

What bone of the orbit is normally involved in an orbital blowout fracture?

Answer 3

Maxillary B.

Question 4

What are some consequences of an orbital blowout fracture?

Answer 4

Diplopia (eyes not aligned)

Globe ptosis (eyeball falling through orbit)

Exophthalmos

Question 5

What is the movement of the eyeball around the AP axis?

Answer 5

Intorsion (medial rotation)

Extorsion (Lateral rotation)

Question 6

What extra-ocular muscles abduct the eyeball?

Answer 6

Superior Oblique

Inferior Oblique

Lateral Rectus

Question 7

What extra-ocular muscles adduct the eyeball?

Answer 7

Superior Rectus

Inferior Rectus

Medial Rectus

Question 8

What extra-ocular muscles are involved in bilateral eyeball depression?

Answer 8

Superior Oblique M.

Inferior Rectus M.

Question 9

What extra-ocular muscles are involved in bilateral eyeball elevation?

Answer 9

Superior Rectus M.

Inferior Oblique M.

Question 10

What nerves pass through the common tendinous ring of the orbit?

Answer 10

Superior/Inferior divisions of CN III

Nasociliary N.

Abducens CN VI

Optic CN II

Question 11

A patient who is unable to look laterally with the L eye but is still able to perform all other ocular movements most likely has what disorder? What muscle is affected?

Answer 11

Abducens CN VI

Lateral Rectus M.

Question 12

In a patient with CN IV palsy, what muscle is affected? How will the patient compensate?

Answer 12

Superior Oblique M.

Pt will turn head down and away from the affected side

Question 13

When would a patient complain the most of diplopia if they have trochlear palsy?

Answer 13

When they have downward gaze (reading)

Question 14

A patient presents with L eye looking down and out, droopy eyelid, and pupil dilation, what cranial nerve has been affected?

Answer 14

Oculomotor N.

Question 15

Aneurysms of posterior cerebral A., posterior communicating A., and superior cerebellar A. can compress the Oculomotor N, affecting what autonomic division?

Answer 15

Parasympathetic

Question 16

How does an afferent lesion affect the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 16

Ipsilateral side will not perform a direct response but will still perform a consensual response because motor innervation is still intact

Question 17

How does an efferent lesion affect the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 17

Ipsilateral side will not have pupillary muscle constriction but the contralateral side will still have a consensual response because afferents are still intact

Question 18

What comprises the outer covering of the Optic N.?

Answer 18

Meninges, continuous with meninges from the cranium

Question 19

What vessels are found running within the Optic N.?

Answer 19

Central Retinal V. and A.

Question 20

What is the conjunctiva that lines the innermost part of the eyelids?

Answer 20

Palpebral conjunctiva

Question 21

What is the conjunctiva that lines the outermost part of the eyeball?

Answer 21

Bulbar (ocular) conjunctiva

Question 22

Between what layers of the eye would a subconjunctival hemorrhage collect?

Answer 22

Bulbar conjunctiva and sclera

Question 23

Complete Ptosis results from destruction of what CN? What muscle is affected?

Answer 23

CN III

Levator Palpebrae Superioris M.

Question 24

Partial Ptosis results from destruction of what? What muscle is affected?

Answer 24

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Tarsal Ms.

Question 25

Ptosis as a result of Horner's syndrome is failure of what muscle?

Answer 25

Tarsal M.

Question 26

How does papilledema present? What is it caused by?

Answer 26

Bulging optic disc Caused by increased intracranial pressure

Question 27

What branch of the Opthlamic A. anastamoses with Middle Meningeal A.?

Answer 27

Lacrimal A.

Question 28

Sphenopalantine A. anastamoses with what arteries in the nasal cavity?

Answer 28

Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal As.

Question 29

Occlusion of what terminal artery will result in blindness?

Answer 29

Central Retinal A.

Question 30

A patient presenting with dilated veins and small hemorrhages in the eye has occlusion of what vessel?

Answer 30

Central Retinal V.

Question 31

A patient presenting with a pale retina and a red spot in the eye most likely has occlusion of what vessel?

Answer 31

Central Retinal A.

Question 32

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

Answer 32

Lateral superior aspect of the eye

Question 33

What muscle is responsible for opening the lacrimal sac and pulling tears in?

Answer 33

Lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi M.

Question 34

Where does aqueous humor come from?

Answer 34

Ciliary processes

Question 35

Blockage of the scleral venous sinus can result in what disorder?

Answer 35

Glaucoma

Question 36

Rupture of blood vessels in the anterior chamber of the eye can result in what disorder?

Answer 36

Hyphema

Question 37

What attaches the ciliary processes to the lens of the eye?

Answer 37

Zonular fibers/suspensory ligament of the lens

Question 38

What is the action of the ciliary muscles for near vision? What is the effect on the lens?

Answer 38

Contract and decrease size of ciliary body, reduces tension on suspensory ligament Lens become round

Question 39

What is the action of the ciliary muscles for far vision? What is the effect on the lens?

Answer 39

Relaxed ciliary muscles and increased size of ciliary body, increases tension on suspensory ligament Flatten lens