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NS Exam 1 > Embryology of Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Embryology of Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the primordial jaws arise from?

A

1st PA

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2
Q

PA1 receives NCC from what rhombomere?

A

R1-2

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3
Q

PA2 receives NCC from what rhombomere?

A

R4

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4
Q

PA 3/4 receive NCC from what rhombomere?

A

R6-7

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5
Q

Rhombomeres arise from what part of the brain?

A

Hindbrain

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6
Q

At what gestational age does the cervical sinus form? When does it disappear?

A

5th week to 7th week

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7
Q

The normal formation of the cervical sinus is the result of what?

A

PA2 overgrowth of PA3/4 => Formation of an ectodermal depression

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8
Q

What structures will a typical pharyngeal arch contain?

A

Artery - from truncus arteriosus

Cartilagenous rod - skeleton

Muscular component

Sensory/Motor nerves

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9
Q

What does the dorsal part of Meckel’s cartilage form?

A

Malleus and Incus bones

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10
Q

What does the ventral side of Meckel’s cartilage give rise to?

A

Primordium of mandible, will be overgrown by osteogenic cells

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11
Q

What does the perichondrium of Meckel’s cartilage form?

A

Anterior ligament of Malleus bone and sphenomandibular L.

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12
Q

What PA does Meckel’s cartilage arise from?

A

PA1

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13
Q

What is the cartilage of PA2?

A

Riechert’s cartilage

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14
Q

What arises from the ventral end of Riechert’s cartilage?

A

Lesser cornu/horn of Hyoid bone

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15
Q

What arises from the perichondrium of the Riechert’s cartilage?

A

Stylohyoid L.

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16
Q

What PA cartilage do the stapes and the styloid process of the temporal bone arise from?

A

Riechert’s cartilage from 2nd PA

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17
Q

What does the 3rd PA cartilage give rise to?

A

Greater horn/Cornu of hyoid bone

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18
Q

What does the hypopharyngeal eminence give rise to? What PAs does it arise from?

A

Body of hyoid bone

Arises from PA3 and PA4

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19
Q

What PA do the laryngeal cartilages come from?

A

PA 4 and 6 (except epiglottis)

20
Q

What muscle does the 3rd PA give rise to?

A

Stylopharyngeus M.

21
Q

What muscles do the 4th PA give rise to?

A

Cricothyroid M.

Levator veli palatini M.

Pharyngeal constrictor ms.

22
Q

What PA gives rise to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

6th PA

23
Q

What type of cranial nerve supply muscles derived from the arches? Skin and mucous membranes?

A

Muscles - SVE

Skin and mucous membranes - SVA

24
Q

What initiates formation of double-layered pharyngeal membranes?

A

Pouch endoderm contacts ectoderm of pharyngeal grooves

25
Q

Around week 20, mesenchyme of the 2nd pharyngeal pouch will differentiate into what tissue?

A

Lymphoid tissue

26
Q

What is the direct embryonic origin of the inferior parathyroid gland?

A

Epithelium of Dorsal bulbar portion of 3rd PA

27
Q

What is the direct embryonic origin of the superior parathyroid gland?

A

Epithelium of dorsal bulbar portion of 4th PA

28
Q

In what week are the parathyroid glands formed?

A

Week 6

29
Q

What PA is a cervical/branchial cyst most likely to be a remnant of?

A

PA 2

30
Q

In what week are pharyngeal grooves 2-4 obliterated?

A

Week 7

31
Q

What is the direct embryological origin of the foramen cecum?

A

Thyroglossal duct

32
Q

What structure connects the fetal tongue to the developing thyroid gland?

A

Thyroglossal duct

33
Q

What week do thyroid follicles form?

A

Week 10

34
Q

A pt with a pyramidal lobe of the thyroid most likely had abnormal thyroid gland development in what week?

A

Week 7

35
Q

What week of thyroid development does colloid appear and TH synthesis begin?

A

Week 11

36
Q

What week do fetal TSH and thyroxine reach adult levels?

A

35 weeks?

37
Q

What is the direct embryonic origin of the ultimopharyngeal body?

A

Ventral part of the 4th pouch (NCC)

38
Q

What does the ultimopharyngeal body give rise to?

A

Parafollicular cells (fuses with thyroid gland and disseminates)

39
Q

Abnormal migration of NCC into the 1st pharyngeal arch can cause what facial features to be malformed?

A

Eyes, ears, mandible, palate

40
Q

Mutation in the what gene causes Treacher-Collin’s sydrome? What does the mutation result in?

A

TCOF1

Cannot make TREACLE ptn, involved in ribosome biogenesis, leads to increased apoptosis of cranial NCCs

41
Q

What autosomal dominant disorder leads to malar hypoplasia, deformed external ears and down-slanting palpebral fissures?

A

Treacher Collins syndrome (Mandibulofacial dysostosis)

42
Q

What is the Pierre Robin Sequence?

A
  1. Small mandible (Micrognathia) =>
  2. Posterior displacement of the tongue => Obstruction of full closure of palate =>
  3. Bilateral cleft palate
43
Q

Patients with Pierre Robin sequence likely had a defect in development of what embryonic structure?

A

1st PA

44
Q

Which lobe is more commonly absent in thyroid hemiagenesis?

A

L lobe

45
Q

A patient with agenesis of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, shortened philtrum of the upper lip, low-set ears, nasal cleft, and a heart murmur may have what disorder?

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

NS Exam 1 (18 decks)

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