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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN I

A

Olfactory

Telencephalon

Olfactory mucosa of nose

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2
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN II

A

Optic

Diencephalon

Retina of eye

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3
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN III

A

Oculomotor

Midbrain/Mesencephalon

Intraocular and 4 extra-ocular muscles

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4
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN IV

A

Trochlear

Midbrain

Superior Oblique extra-ocular M.

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5
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN V

A

Trigeminal

Pons/Metencephalon

Derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch

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6
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN VI

A

Abducent/Abducens

Pontine Medullary Jxn

Lateral Rectus M. of the eye

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7
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN VII

A

Facial

Pontine Medullary Jxn

Derivatives of 2nd Pharyngeal Arch

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8
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

Pontine Medullary Jxn

Internal ear

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9
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

Medulla/Myelencephalon

Derivatives of 3rd pharyngeal arch

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10
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN X

A

Vagus

Medulla/Myelencephalon

Derivatives of the 4th pharyngeal arch

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11
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory

Superior Spinal Cord

Superficial layer of neck

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12
Q

Name, CNS origin, and distribution CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

Medulla/Myelencephalon

Muscles of tongue

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13
Q

What CNs do the general somatic efferent fibers travel within? What do they innervate?

A

CN 3, 4, 6, 12

Somatic muscle

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14
Q

What CNs do the general visceral effernt fibers travel within?

A

Parasympathetic of CN 3, 7, 9, 10

Autonomics to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

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15
Q

What CNs do the fibers of the branchial or special visceral efferents travel in?

A

CN 5, 7, 9, 10

Muscles derived from teh pharyngeal arches

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16
Q

What do the general somatic afferrent fibers innervate? From what embryological layer?

A

Sensation to skin, joint capsule, tendon, muscle

Ectoderm/Ectoderm-adjacent mesoderm

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17
Q

What do the general visceral afferent nerve fibers innervate? From what embryological layer?

A

Sensory of visceral structures (organs)

Endoderm/Endoderm-adjacent mesoderm

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18
Q

What CNs do the special somatic afferent fibers run with? What do they control?

A

CN 8 - hearing

Balance

CN 2 - Sight

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19
Q

What CNs do the special visceral afferents run with? What do they control?

A

CN 7, 9 10 - taste

CN 1 - Smell

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20
Q

Where is CN1 located? Where does it synapse onto?

A

Olfactory organ through cribiform plate to synapse onto Olfactory bulb

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21
Q

What is Halo sign?

A

Blood separation from nasal drainage which suggests CSF rhinorrhea/disruption of meninges

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22
Q

Compression of the optic chiasm by a pituitary tumor or an aneurysm in the internal carotid A. can result in what?

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia (lateral vision loss)

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23
Q

What visual acuity tests are done after a head injury?

A

Light and dark

Finger counting

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24
Q

What are the graded tests of visual acuity?

A

Light and dark

Finger counting

Snellen’s test

Visual field test

Peripheral vision

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25
Q

What are the afferent and efferent nerves involved in the pupillary light reflex?

A

Afferent - CN2/Optic

Efferent - CN3/Oculomotor

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26
Q

What are the afferent and efferent nerves involved in the blink reflex (when object is coming at eye)?

A

Afferent - CN2/Optic

Efferent: CN7/Facial N.

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27
Q

What is the general tract of CNII from the brain?

A
  1. Optic nerve fibers arise from ganglion cells in retina
  2. Exit orbit via optic canal into middle cranial fossa
  3. Synapse onto lateral geniculate bodies of thalamus
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28
Q

What is the general tract of CNIII from the brain?

A
  1. Exits midbrain through dura lateral to diaphragma sellae
  2. Runs in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
  3. Enters through superior orbital fissure into orbit
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29
Q

What is the only nerve that exits on the dorsal surface of the brainstem?

A

Trochlear (CN IV)

30
Q

What muscles does CN III provide parasympathetic innervation to?

A

Pupil and ciliary M.

31
Q

What is the general tract of CN IV?

A
  1. Exit dorsal surface of midbrain and pierce dura mater at margin of entorium cerebelli
  2. Run in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
  3. Enters orbit via superior orbital fissure
32
Q

What does CN VI provide motor innervation to?

A

Lateral Rectus M.

33
Q

What is the general tract of CN VI?

A
  1. Emerge from brainstem at pontine-medullary jxn
  2. Traverse pontine cistern and pierce dura covering the clivus
  3. Run in cavernous sinus near Internal Carotid A.
  4. Enters orbit via superior orbital fissure
34
Q

What muscles are involved in looking superolaterally? What CNs involved?

A

Superior Rectus

Inferior Oblique

CNIII

35
Q

What muscles are involved in looking inferolaterally? What CNs?

A

Inferior Rectus CN III

Superior Oblique CN IV

36
Q

What muscles involved in looking to the side? What CNs?

A

Lateral Rectus CN IV

Medial Rectus CN III

37
Q

What are the 3 parts of accomodation of the eye?

A

Convergence

Adjust lens thickness

Pupillary constriction

38
Q

What CN is involved in closing the eye?

A

CN VII - Facial N.

39
Q

What presents first if CN III is compressed by an aneurysm?

A

Problems with parasympathetic division

Horner’s syndrome sx

40
Q

What is the tract of the CN V1 division?

A

Trigeminal cave => Cavernous sinus => Superior orbital fissure => orbit

41
Q

What opening does the CN V2 Maxillary exit from?

A

Foramen rotundum

42
Q

What opening does the CN V3 Mandibular exit from?

A

Foramen Ovale

43
Q

What does CN V1 provide sensation to?

A

Sensation to cornea, skin of forehead and scalp, upper eyelid, the bridge to the point of nose, and nasal cavity

44
Q

What does CN V2 provide sensation to?

A

Skin of face, lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinus

45
Q

What does CN V3 provide sensation to?

A

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Skin of mandible, lower lip, mandibular teeth, TMJ joint, part of oral mucosa

46
Q

What does CN V3 provide motor innervation to?

A

Muscles of mastication: Temporalis M. and Masseter M.

47
Q

What are the afferent and efferent nerves of the corneal reflex?

A

Afferent: Trigeminal N. CN V1

Motor: Facial N. CN VII

48
Q

Exacerbation of trigeminal neuralgia can cause what symptoms to appear?

A

Intense, spasmotic pain to the face, causing tics (tic douloureux)

Can be initiated by touching the face/triggers

49
Q

What is the general tract of CN VII?

A
  1. Emerges from the pontine-medullary jxn
  2. Cross posterior cranial fossa to exit skull via internal acoustic meatus
  3. Run in facial canal and exit via stylomastoid foramen
  4. Pass through the parotid gland
50
Q

What CN is affected in Bell’s Palsy? What occurs as a result?

A

CN VII

Inability to use facial muscles

51
Q

What is the general tract of CN VIII?

A
  1. Enter skull via interal acoustic meatus
  2. Enter brainstem on pontine-medullary jxn
  3. Vestibular - innervate utricle and saccule, cochlear innervates cochlea
52
Q

What is a positive Romberg’s sign? What CN is it testing?

A

Pt sways when they put their feet together, arms out, and close their eyes

CN VIII

53
Q

What CN does the past pointing test check?

54
Q

Nystagmus is a postive test of what CN?

55
Q

What are the Weber-Rinne results for conduction deafness?

A

Rinne - BC > AC

Weber - Sound lateralizes to bad ear

56
Q

What CN does the Weber-Rinne test check? What division?

A

CN VIII, cochlear division

57
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma?

A

Benign tumor in CN VIII, usually within internal acoustic meatus

58
Q

If CN VIII is cut, what division is affected?

A

Cochlear - pt becomes deaf but vestibular system is unaffected

59
Q

What is the general tract of CN IX?

A
  1. Emerges from medulla
  2. Exit cranium through jugular foramen
  3. Pass b/w superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors
  4. Enter oral cavity
60
Q

What are the sx of glossopharyngeal neuralgia?

A

Intense pain with eating and swallowing

61
Q

What is the genera tract of CN X?

A
  1. Emerges from medulla
  2. Exit cranium through jugular foramen
62
Q

Which direction does the uvula deviate if there is a lesion on CN X?

A

Away from the side of the lesion

63
Q

What is the general tract of CN XI?

A
  1. Emerges from the spinal cord
  2. Enters cranium through foramen magnum
  3. Exit skull through jugular foramen
64
Q

What CNs are affected if there is a tumor obstructing the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, and XI

65
Q

What is the general tract of CN XII?

A
  1. Emerges from the medulla
  2. Exits skull via hypoglossal canal
  3. Travels with cervical plexus
  4. Cross occipital A.
  5. Enter oral cavity
66
Q

What direction will the tongue deviate if there is a lesion of the hypoglossal nerve on one side?

A

Towards the lesion

May atrophy

67
Q

What cranial nuclei reside in the midbrain?

A

Edinger-Westphal

Nucleus of Oculomotor N.

Nucleus of trochlear N.

68
Q

What nerves arise from Nucleus Ambiguus?

69
Q

What nucleus do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII travel with?

A

Superior salivatory nucleus

70
Q

What nucleus do the parasympathetic fibers of CN IX arise from?

A

Inferior Salivatory nucleus

71
Q

What cranial nuclei reside in the pons?

A

CN V, VI, VII

72
Q

What cranial nuclei reside in the medulla?

A

CN IX, X, and XII

NS Exam 1 (18 decks)

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