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NS Exam 1 > Ear Development > Flashcards

Ear Development Flashcards

1
Q

When is the critical period for embryological development of the year?

A

B/w weeks 4 and 8

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2
Q

When does development of the ear occur?

A

Between wks 4 and 20

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3
Q

The medial part of the external ear came from what pharyngeal arch?

A

1st

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4
Q

The lateral part of the external ear came from what pharyngeal arch?

A

2nd

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5
Q

The mesenchymal swellings located within the pharyngeal arches are known as what?

A

Auricular hillocks

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6
Q

What are the cells that migrate and pull the surface ectoderm around to form the external ear?

A

Neural crest cells of the auricular hillocks

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7
Q

Auricular skin tags that may contain cartilage are a result of what?

A

Abnormal migration of surface ectoderm and neural crest cells

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8
Q

Abnormal or absent migration of the NCCs and auricular hillocks can result in what disorders?

A

Anotia

Microtia

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9
Q

What embryonic layer does the meatal plug arise from?

A

Surface ectoderm - 1st pharyngeal cleft

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10
Q

What embryonic layer does the inner ear arise from?

A

Surface ectoderm

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11
Q

What week does the inner ear begin to form?

A

Week 4

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12
Q

What embryonic structure gives rise to the membranous labyrinth?

A

Otic vesicle

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13
Q

Development of the utricle is dependent on what transcription factors?

A

DLX5 and DLX6

Lateral canal dependent on OTX1

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14
Q

What does the dorsal side of the otocyst give rise to?

A

Semicircular ducts and ampullae

Macula of utricle

Endolymphatic duct and sac

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15
Q

What does the ventral side of the otocyst give rise to?

A

Cochlear duct

Ductus reuniens

Maccula of saccule

Organ of Corti

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16
Q

What structure connects the cochlea to the vestibular apparatus?

A

Ductus reuniens

17
Q

What is the embryonic layer that gives rise to the hair cells of the inner ear?

A

Surface ectoderm

18
Q

Where are hair cells located in the inner ear?

A

Ampullae of semicircular canals

Macula of utricle

Organ of Corti (cochlea)

19
Q

What CN is responsible for innervation to the inner ear?

A

CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear

20
Q

What are the embryonic contributions to the vestibular ganglion?

A

Neural crest cells and surface ectoderm

21
Q

What is the embryonic contribution to the spiral (cochlear ganglion)?

A

Surface ectoderm

22
Q

What structures does the perilymphatic duct provide passage between?

A

Subarachnoid space to inner ear

23
Q

What is the ion content of perilymph?

A

High Na

Low K and ptn

(Similar to CSF)

24
Q

What is the ion content of endolymph?

A

High K and ptn

Low Na

(Similar to ICF)

25
Q

What embryonic layer does the bony labyrinth arise from?

A

Mesoderm

26
Q

In what week are the vacuoles of the bony labyrinth distinguishable as the scala vestibuli and scala tympani?

A

Week 8

27
Q

In what week do the vacuoles of the bony labyrinth begin to form?

A

Week 6

28
Q

What suspends the cochlear duct within the bony labyrinth and attaches it to the wall?

A

Spiral Ligament

29
Q

What embryonic layer forms the tubotympanic recess?

A

Endoderm - 1st pharyngeal pouch

30
Q

What bones of the middle ear arise from the 1st arch NCC?

A

Malleus and Incus

31
Q

The stapes bone arises from what arch? What is the embryonic origin?

A

2nd arch

Neural crest

32
Q

What embryonic layer does the epithelium covering the ossicles arise from?

A

Endoderm

33
Q

What are the embryonic layers making up the tympanic membrane?

A

Ectoderm - from 1st pharyngeal cleft

Mesoderm

Endoderm - from 1st pharyngeal pouch

34
Q

What pharyngeal arch does the tensor tympani M. arise from? What embryonic layer?

A

1st Pharyngeal arch

Mesoderm

35
Q

What pharyngeal arch does the Stapedius M. arise from? What embryonic layer?

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

Mesoderm

36
Q

What part of the fetal ear is affected if there is a maternal Rubella infection?

A

Inner ear - Spiral Organ/Organ of Corti defects

NS Exam 1 (18 decks)

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