Craniofacial Vasculature Flashcards
What venous plexus acts as a peripheral pump to aid venous return?
Pterygoid plexus
Where does the Accessory Meningeal A. enter the cranium?
Foramen Ovale
What nerve runs with the Lingual A.? Where is it in relation to the hypoglossus M.?
Hypoglossal N. lies superficial to the hypoglossus M.
What are the bony landmarks where cavernous sinus should be?
Diaphragm sellae
Sphenoidal sinus (lies inferior to cavernous sinus)
Inefficient exchange between the cerebrospinal system and venous system (through blood pressure or granulations) can result in what?
Hydrocephalus
Ruptured Middle Meningeal A. can result in what kind of hematoma?
Epidural hematoma
What are the branches of the mandibular part of the Maxillary A.?
Deep Auricular A.
Anterior Tympanic A.
Inferior Alveolar A.
Middle Meningeal A.
Accessory Meningeal A.
Where are the Zone I Deep Cervical LNs located?
Submental and submandibular
What artery runs with the Lingual N.?
Deep Lingual A.
The meninges receive arterial supply from what arteries?
Middle meningeal A. (frontal and parietal branches)
Occipital A. (mastoid branch)
Vertebral A.
What vein may drain into the internal jugular v. but will more often join vertebral or posterior auricular vs.?
Occipital V.
What nerve is most at risk if there is a thrombus in the cavernous sinus?
Abducens CN VI
Where are Zone VI Deep Cervical LNs located?
Anterior cervical, near the larynx
The terminal portion of the Occipital A. runs with what N.?
Greater Occipital N.
What are the branches of the Pterygoid part of Maxillary A.?
Deep Temporal A.
Pterygoid branches
Masseteric A.
Buccal A.
What are the two sites in the neck where lymphatic pathways intersect?
Jugulofacial venous jxn
Jugulosubclavian venous jxn
What are the branches of Superficial Temporal A.?
Transverse Facial A.
Middle Temporal A.
Anterior Auricular A.
Frontal A.
Parietal A.
What layers separate to surround the dural venous sinuses?
Periosteal layer of dura mater
Meningeal layer of dura mater
What nerves innervate the meninges?
CN V1, V2, and V3
Cervical Spinal Nerves C2 and C3
What nerves lie within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?
CN III - Oculomotor
CN IV - Trochlear
CN V1
CN V2
What are the two venous drainage options for Facial V.?
Internal/External Jugular (anterior)
Cavernous sinus (posterior)
What are the 2 layers of Dura mater?
Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
What is the terminal branch of the Facial A.?
Angular A.
What is the difference in blood plasma concentration and CSF?
CSF has more Na, H, and Ca but less K
Facial V. joins the cavernous sinus through what vein?
Superior Opthalmic V.
What division of the autonomic system is affected in a cavernous sinus thrombosis?
Parasympathetic (may have dilated pupils)
What is the terminal branch of Maxillary A.?
Sphenopalatine A.
What are the branches of the Superior Thyroid A.?
Infrahyoid A.
Superior Laryngeal A.
Sternocleidomastoid branch.
Where does Inferior Alveolar A. enter to supply the mandibular structures?
Mandibular foramen
What are the tributaries of the external jugular v.?
Posterior auricular V.
Posterior division of retromandibular v.
Posterior external jugular v.
Transverse cervical v.
Suprascapular v.
Anterior jugular v.
What CN innervates the baroreceptors of the Carotid Sinus?
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
How does Superficial Temporal A. terminate?
Divides into frontal and parietal branches in the temporal fossa
What are the facial branches of the Facial A.?
Inferior Labial A.
Superior Labial A.
Lateral Nasal A.
Angular A.
What are the cervical branches of the Facial A.?
Ascending Palatine A.
Tonsillar branch
Submental and glandular branches
What veins come together to form the facial V.?
Supraorbital V. + Supratrochlear V. => Angular V => Facial V.
What thyroid vein does not drain into the internal jugular v. but directly into the Brachiocephalic V.?
Inferior Thyroid V.
What are the 4 cranial dural septa?
Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
Diaphragma sellae
What are the branches of the Internal Carotid A.?
Ophthalmic A.
Anterior Cerebral A.
Middle Cerebral A.
A patient presents with high fever, periorbital edema, chemosis (red conjuctiva), and a lateral gaze, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
A 50 year old patient presents with dizziness and lightheadedness when turning her head. She has a PMH of smoking, hyperlipidemia, and is obese. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
What is the purpose of the bicuspid valve in the inferior bulb of the internal jugular V.?
Blood pressure homeostasis, valve will close in high pressure situations and open during low pressure
What happens during Subclavian Steal syndrome?
Occlusion of subclavian A. causes reverse flow of blood into the upper extremity instead of the brain
What muscle does the Lingual A. run deep to?
Hypoglossus M.
What veins come together to form Retromandibular V.?
Superficial Temporal V.
Maxillary V.
What are the sinuses that drain into the confluence of sinuses?
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Sigmoid sinus => Transverse sinus
Great Cerebral V. => Straight sinus
Occipital Sinus
Facial V. becomes Deep Facial V. to join what plexus?
Pterygoid plexus
Where are Zone V Deep Cervical LNs located?
Posterior cervical triangle
Yawning assists in venous return by the prolonged, forcible contraction of what muscle?
Latera pterygoid M.
What vessels lie within the cavernous sinus?
Internal carotid A.
CN VI (Abducens)
What is the landmark for the retromandibular V.?
Parotid gland (travels through the gland)
What are the branches of the Pterygopalatine part of Maxillary A.?
Posterior Superior Alveolar A.
Infraorbital A.
A. of Pterygoid Canal
Pharyngeal Branch
Descending Paltine A.
Greater Palatine A.
Phenopalatine A.
What is the clinical significance of the dural venous sinuses?
Infection in the scalp can enter into the dural venous sinuses and drain into the body
