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NS Exam 1 > Craniofacial Vasculature > Flashcards

Craniofacial Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

What venous plexus acts as a peripheral pump to aid venous return?

A

Pterygoid plexus

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2
Q

Where does the Accessory Meningeal A. enter the cranium?

A

Foramen Ovale

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3
Q

What nerve runs with the Lingual A.? Where is it in relation to the hypoglossus M.?

A

Hypoglossal N. lies superficial to the hypoglossus M.

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4
Q

What are the bony landmarks where cavernous sinus should be?

A

Diaphragm sellae

Sphenoidal sinus (lies inferior to cavernous sinus)

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5
Q

Inefficient exchange between the cerebrospinal system and venous system (through blood pressure or granulations) can result in what?

A

Hydrocephalus

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6
Q

Ruptured Middle Meningeal A. can result in what kind of hematoma?

A

Epidural hematoma

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7
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular part of the Maxillary A.?

A

Deep Auricular A.

Anterior Tympanic A.

Inferior Alveolar A.

Middle Meningeal A.

Accessory Meningeal A.

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8
Q

Where are the Zone I Deep Cervical LNs located?

A

Submental and submandibular

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9
Q

What artery runs with the Lingual N.?

A

Deep Lingual A.

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10
Q

The meninges receive arterial supply from what arteries?

A

Middle meningeal A. (frontal and parietal branches)

Occipital A. (mastoid branch)

Vertebral A.

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11
Q

What vein may drain into the internal jugular v. but will more often join vertebral or posterior auricular vs.?

A

Occipital V.

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12
Q

What nerve is most at risk if there is a thrombus in the cavernous sinus?

A

Abducens CN VI

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13
Q

Where are Zone VI Deep Cervical LNs located?

A

Anterior cervical, near the larynx

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14
Q

The terminal portion of the Occipital A. runs with what N.?

A

Greater Occipital N.

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15
Q

What are the branches of the Pterygoid part of Maxillary A.?

A

Deep Temporal A.

Pterygoid branches

Masseteric A.

Buccal A.

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16
Q

What are the two sites in the neck where lymphatic pathways intersect?

A

Jugulofacial venous jxn

Jugulosubclavian venous jxn

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17
Q

What are the branches of Superficial Temporal A.?

A

Transverse Facial A.

Middle Temporal A.

Anterior Auricular A.

Frontal A.

Parietal A.

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18
Q

What layers separate to surround the dural venous sinuses?

A

Periosteal layer of dura mater

Meningeal layer of dura mater

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19
Q

What nerves innervate the meninges?

A

CN V1, V2, and V3

Cervical Spinal Nerves C2 and C3

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20
Q

What nerves lie within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III - Oculomotor

CN IV - Trochlear

CN V1

CN V2

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21
Q

What are the two venous drainage options for Facial V.?

A

Internal/External Jugular (anterior)

Cavernous sinus (posterior)

22
Q

What are the 2 layers of Dura mater?

A

Periosteal layer

Meningeal layer

23
Q

What is the terminal branch of the Facial A.?

A

Angular A.

24
Q

What is the difference in blood plasma concentration and CSF?

A

CSF has more Na, H, and Ca but less K

25
Q

Facial V. joins the cavernous sinus through what vein?

A

Superior Opthalmic V.

26
Q

What division of the autonomic system is affected in a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Parasympathetic (may have dilated pupils)

27
Q

What is the terminal branch of Maxillary A.?

A

Sphenopalatine A.

28
Q

What are the branches of the Superior Thyroid A.?

A

Infrahyoid A.

Superior Laryngeal A.

Sternocleidomastoid branch.

29
Q

Where does Inferior Alveolar A. enter to supply the mandibular structures?

A

Mandibular foramen

30
Q

What are the tributaries of the external jugular v.?

A

Posterior auricular V.

Posterior division of retromandibular v.

Posterior external jugular v.

Transverse cervical v.

Suprascapular v.

Anterior jugular v.

31
Q

What CN innervates the baroreceptors of the Carotid Sinus?

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

32
Q

How does Superficial Temporal A. terminate?

A

Divides into frontal and parietal branches in the temporal fossa

33
Q

What are the facial branches of the Facial A.?

A

Inferior Labial A.

Superior Labial A.

Lateral Nasal A.

Angular A.

34
Q

What are the cervical branches of the Facial A.?

A

Ascending Palatine A.

Tonsillar branch

Submental and glandular branches

35
Q

What veins come together to form the facial V.?

A

Supraorbital V. + Supratrochlear V. => Angular V => Facial V.

36
Q

What thyroid vein does not drain into the internal jugular v. but directly into the Brachiocephalic V.?

A

Inferior Thyroid V.

37
Q

What are the 4 cranial dural septa?

A

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

Falx cerebelli

Diaphragma sellae

38
Q

What are the branches of the Internal Carotid A.?

A

Ophthalmic A.

Anterior Cerebral A.

Middle Cerebral A.

39
Q

A patient presents with high fever, periorbital edema, chemosis (red conjuctiva), and a lateral gaze, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

40
Q

A 50 year old patient presents with dizziness and lightheadedness when turning her head. She has a PMH of smoking, hyperlipidemia, and is obese. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency

41
Q

What is the purpose of the bicuspid valve in the inferior bulb of the internal jugular V.?

A

Blood pressure homeostasis, valve will close in high pressure situations and open during low pressure

42
Q

What happens during Subclavian Steal syndrome?

A

Occlusion of subclavian A. causes reverse flow of blood into the upper extremity instead of the brain

43
Q

What muscle does the Lingual A. run deep to?

A

Hypoglossus M.

44
Q

What veins come together to form Retromandibular V.?

A

Superficial Temporal V.

Maxillary V.

45
Q

What are the sinuses that drain into the confluence of sinuses?

A

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Sigmoid sinus => Transverse sinus

Great Cerebral V. => Straight sinus

Occipital Sinus

46
Q

Facial V. becomes Deep Facial V. to join what plexus?

A

Pterygoid plexus

47
Q

Where are Zone V Deep Cervical LNs located?

A

Posterior cervical triangle

48
Q

Yawning assists in venous return by the prolonged, forcible contraction of what muscle?

A

Latera pterygoid M.

49
Q

What vessels lie within the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid A.

CN VI (Abducens)

50
Q

What is the landmark for the retromandibular V.?

A

Parotid gland (travels through the gland)

51
Q

What are the branches of the Pterygopalatine part of Maxillary A.?

A

Posterior Superior Alveolar A.

Infraorbital A.

A. of Pterygoid Canal

Pharyngeal Branch

Descending Paltine A.

Greater Palatine A.

Phenopalatine A.

52
Q

What is the clinical significance of the dural venous sinuses?

A

Infection in the scalp can enter into the dural venous sinuses and drain into the body

NS Exam 1 (18 decks)

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