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2. Microanatomy > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Eye

A

Photosensitive organ that permits vision and color discrimination
Has a protective reflex (blinks when something moves towards it)

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2
Q

Where is the eye located?

A

Lies in the orbit
Protected by bone laterally and caudally

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers (tunics) of the eyeball?

A
  1. Fibrous (1/5 cornea, 4/5 sclera)
  2. Vascular (choroid, ciliary body, iris)
  3. Nervous (retina- pars optica and para caeca)
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4
Q

What does the Pars caeca include?

A

Blind area:
1. Pars ciliaris (Pigments epith. covering ciliary body)
2. Pars iridica (pigmented epith. covering the iris)

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5
Q

Refractive parts of the eye

A

Cornea
Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous Body

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6
Q

Opaque Parts of the Eye

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

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7
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the eye?

A
  1. Anterior compartment
  2. Posterior compartment
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8
Q

Anterior Compartment

A

Filled with aqueous humor and located between the cornea and lens
Has 2 chambers; anterior and posterior

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9
Q

Anterior and Posterior Chambers

A

Ant: cornea, lens and iris
Post: iris, lens and ciliary bodies
Filled with aqueous humor

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10
Q

Posterior Compartment

A

Between the lens and the retina and filled with vitreous humor

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11
Q

The ________ leaves at the optic disc (fundus)

A

Optic nerve

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12
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

Produced as filtrate of the blood
Like blood plasma but poor in proteins
Provides oxygen and nutrients to intraocular structures

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13
Q

How does aqueous humor move throughout the eye?

A

Formed in ciliary process –> posteror chamber –> anterior chamber via pupil –> spaces of Fontana @ cornea-iris junction –> absorbed into general circulation (Canal of Schelumm)

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14
Q

Function of the cornea-iris junction

A

Drains aqueous humor from anterior chamber

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15
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A

Cornea-scleral junction
Absent in domestic animals

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16
Q

Cornea

A

Forms rostral boundary of anterior chamber, transparent, devoid of BVs

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17
Q

Limbus

A

Cornea-sclera junction
Site of BVs supplying nutrients via diffusion

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18
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea?

A
  1. Stratified squamous non-keratin (outer)
  2. Bowman’s membrane (BM)
  3. Substantia propria (stroma, collagen)
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. Simple squamous epith. (mitochondria and active pinocytosis)
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19
Q

Significance of substantia propria

A

Thickest layer
Collagen fibers and fibrocytes arranged in right angles

20
Q

What does epithelium of the cornea do?

A

Actively move water out of the stroma

21
Q

Sclera

A

Outermost layer
DRCT
Site of attachment of eye extrinsic muscles

22
Q

Choroid

A

Vascular layer between sclera and retina
Dark layer with melanocytes

23
Q

What are the layers of choroid?

A
  1. Suprachoroid
  2. Vascular
  3. Taptum lucidum
  4. Choriocapillary
  5. Bruch’s membrane
24
Q

How is the Tapetum lucidum is different species?

A

Cellular in dogs and cats
Fibrous in ruminants and horses
Absent in pigs

25
Iris
Controls the amount of light entering the eye via smooth muscles: Sphincter/constrictor: parasym Radial Dilator: sympathetic
26
Structure of the iris
Anterior surface: simple squamous Core: CT, Bvs and melanocytes Muscles Post. surface: bilaminar cuboidal (pars iridica of the retina)
27
Iris muscles are _________ in avian
Striated
28
Ciliary processes
Irregular projections where zonular fibers attach to the lens Covered with bilateral cuboidal (non pigmented and pigmented layer)
29
Ciliary muscles
Parasympathetic which function in visual accommodation by changing the shape of the lens
30
Lens
Lens capsule- collagen IV, simple cuboidal Lens epithelium- anterior surface Lens fibers- acellular
31
How are lens fibers formed?
By differentiation and elongation of epithelial cells at the equator of the lens Lose elasticity and plasticity with age
32
Vitreous body
"Gel" filled posterior compartment 99% water and 1 % hyaluronic acid (GAGs)
33
Retina
2 portions: Pars ceca and Pars optica
34
Pars ceca
Non-sensory Covers ciliary body and iris Continuation of the pigmented layer of the retina
35
Pars optica
Sensory with 10 layers 4. Outer nuclear layer (nuclei of rods and cones)* 6. Inner Nuclear layer (bipolar) * 8. Ganglion layer * 9. Optical nerve fiber layer (multipolar gang) *
36
How does light pass through the retina?
Passes all layers to activate rods and cones --> pigments convert energy in AP --> carried via neuronal connections to the optic nerve
37
Pigment epithelium
Squamous to cuboidal Microvillous processes, melanin Transfers nutrients from choriocapillary layer to the rods and cones, phagocytosis/ recycling of segments of photoreceptor cells and absorption of light
38
Rods
Human eye has 120 million Rhodopsin pigment Sensitive to light and suited for dim light vision
39
Cones
Human eye has 5 million Iodopsin pigment Suited for day light and color discrimination Macula (fovea) have the highest concentration of cones
40
What clin sigs are for the cornea?
Epithelium heal via mitosis Transplant possible Dehydration causes corneal opacities Descemetocele (increased ocular pressure)
41
Glaucoma
Increased intraocular pressure Usually due to blockage in drainage of aqueous humor
42
What clin sigs are for the lens?
Lens hardens with age (less elasticity) Vacuolation Precipitation of proteins results in cataracts
43
What clin sigs are for the iris/ pupil?
Lesion of sympathetic nerve supply --> Horner's syndrome Miosis enophthalmos (sunken eyeball) Ptosis (drooping eyelid) Mydriasis (from parasym. damage, dilated pupil)
44
Detached Retina
Separation occurs between the pigmented layer of the retina and layer of the rods/cones
45
Reason for detached retina?
Develops from a bilayer "cup" Outer layer differentiates into non neural pigmented layer Inner layer differentiates into nervous layers of the retina Causing space between cup layers

2. Microanatomy (16 decks)

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