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2. Microanatomy > Digestive System (Small intestine to Anal Canal) > Flashcards

Digestive System (Small intestine to Anal Canal) Flashcards

1
Q

Small intestines

A

Plica cicularis (folds of Kerkring), villi, simple columnar with absorptive goblet cells, glands (crypts of Liebercuhn) in LP, microvilli

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2
Q

Large intestine

A

No villi, simple column with goblet, glands (Liebercuhn) in LP with mostly goblet

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3
Q

What are the 3 segments of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum and illeum

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4
Q

What are the functions of the surface modifications?

A

To increase the surface area by:
2-3 x- plicae
10x-villi
20x- microvilli

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5
Q

Enterocytes

A

Apical surface is modified to form microvilli and covered by glycocalyx
Lateral surface forms junctional complex
Cytoplasm has all organelles (pinocycitic vesicles, coated vesicles, lysosomes)

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6
Q

Goblet cells

A

Unicellular
Produce mucus that provides protective coat to the surface epithelium

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7
Q

Villar core (villus)

A

Loose CT underlying epith. with:
Capillaries, central lacteal, smooth muscle cells

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8
Q

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

A

Tubular glands
Goblet, stem, enteroendocrine and paneth cells
Eosinophilic granules with lysosomes
Absent in dog and pig

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9
Q

Where are paneth cells?

A

Present in cattle and horses
Absent in dog and pig

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10
Q

Brunner’s glands in the duodenum

A

Found only in the initial and middle parts in the dog, cat, man and ruminants
Found beyond the duodenum in horse and pig

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11
Q

What is the function of Brunner’s gland?

A

Alkaline secretion that protects the duodenum from the acidic chyme

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12
Q

T. muscularis of the small intestine

A

Inner circular and outer longitudinal
Myenteric nerve plexis between the 2 layers

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13
Q

What the the functions of the intestinal mucosa?

A

Secretion of mucus
Breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
Absorption of small molecules

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14
Q

Changes along the length of the small intestine

A

Decrease in # and height of plicae and villi
Increase in # and depth of crypts
Increase in # of lymphatic nodules and goblets
Increase in thickness of T. muscularis

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15
Q

What are the 3 segments of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, colon, rectum

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16
Q

What is formed in the cecum and colon Muscularis

A

In man, horse and pig outer longitudinal layers are modified to from bands called tenia

17
Q

Rectum

A

goblets increase
Serosa becomes adventitia
Circular layers of muscularis form internal sphincter

17
Q

Recto-anal junction

A

Rectal mucosa abruptly changes into cutaneous membrane

18
Q

What are the 3 regions of the anal canal of the dog and pig?

A

Zona columnaris
Z. intermedia
Z. cutanea

19
Q

Anal sacs

A

At junction between z. intermedia and cutanea
Surrounded by apocrine sweat glands (glands of anal sac)- accumulation of secretion causes pain in dogs

20
Q

What are the main functions of the salivary glands?

A

Secrete saliva that lubricates food
Initiate carbohydrate digestion by amalyse enzyme

21
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual
All consist of acini and ducts

22
Q

What are the 3 types of acini?

A

Serous, mixed and mucous

23
Q

Serous

A

Pyramidal cells with round nucleus
Basophilic cytoplasm and acidophilic zymogen granules
Ex: parotid gland

24
Q

Mucous

A

Pyramidal cells with flattened and basally placed nucleus
Empty-appearing mucin droplets (glycoprotein)- H&E
Ex: zygomatic dog

25
Q

Mixed

A

Central mucous acinus surrounded by serous demilune
Ex: mandibular in horse and sublingual in dog

26
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

In all 3 types of acini
Function: Accelerate secretion of saliva

27
Q

What are the ducts of the salivary glands

A

Intercalated, striated and excretory

28
Q

Intercalated ducts

A

Situated between acini and striated duct
Lined by simple squamous and simple low cuboidal

29
Q

Striated ducts

A

Between intecalated and excretory duct
Lined by simple columnar cells with basal striations
Function: active transport of ions and water

30
Q

Excretory ducts

A

In CT between lobules
Lined by stratified squamous to cuboidal to columnar
Function: Transport salivary secretion to the oral cavity

2. Microanatomy (16 decks)

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