Eye Flashcards
The eye can respond to ___.
Varying luminace, sensitivity to form, distance and movement.
The range of the visible wave length is ___ to ___.
400 to 700 nm.
The functions or modalities of the eye include ___.
Sensitivity to minute changes in lumosity, dark adapted scotopic vision, discrimination of form, discrimination of movement, color light adapted photopic vision.
The paired eyes can preform ___.
Panoramic vision with muscles, binocular vision and stereoscopic vision.
The lateral walls of the two orbits diverge at approximately ___ degrees.
45.
Name the mucus membrane which lines the inner surface of the eyelids.
Conjunctiva.
Name the bones that form the superior wall or roof of the orbit.
The orbital part of the frontal bone and lesser wing of the sphenoid.
Name the feature which is between the inferior and lateral orbital walls.
Inferior orbital fissure.
The apex of the orbit is in the ___ of ___.
Optic canal of the sphenoid (lesser wing).
Name the bones which form the base of the orbital margin.
Zygomatic, maxillary and frontal.
The periorbita is continuous with the dura mater thru the ___ and ___.
Optic canal and superior orbital fissure.
Name the transparent structure which is attached to the anterior surface of the eyeball.
Bulbar conjunctiva.
The conjunctival sac is the space bounded by the ___ and ___.
Palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae.
The palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi is the connective tissue between the ___ and ___.
Superficial to the tarsi and deep to the skin of the eyelids.
The tarsal glands are located in the superior and inferior ___.
Tarsi.
The ciliary glands are located in the margins of the ___.
Eyelids.
Name the enzyme which is bacteriocidal in the lacrimal fluid.
Lysozyme.
The orbital and palpebral parts of the lacrimal gland are divided by the ___.
Lateral expansion of the levator palpebral superioris tendon.
Name the entire pathway of the parasympathetic secretomotor nerve from the cranial nucleus to the lacrimal gland in sequence.
Superior salivatory nucleus, nervus intermedius, genicular ganglion, greater petrosal nerve, nerve to pterygoid canal, pterygopalatine ganglion, maxillary nerve, zygomatic nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve, lacrimal nerve.
Name the entire pathway of the sympathetic postsynaptic motor nerve to the lacrimal gland in sequence.
Superior cervical ganglion, internal carotid nerve, internal carotid plexus, deep petrosal nerve, nerve to pterygoid canal, pterygopalatine ganglion, maxillary nerve, zygomatic nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve, lacrimal nerve.
Name the structure which conveys the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus.
Nasolacrimal duct.
The outer fibrous layer of the eyeball consists of ___ and ___.
Cornea and sclera.
Name the structure that covers the anterior 1/6 of the eyeball.
Transparent bulbar conjunctiva or cornea.
The vascular layer of the eyeball is also called ___ or ___.
Uvea.
The vascular layer of the eyeball consists of ___, ___ and ___.
Choroid, iris and ciliary body.
Within the choroid, the large vessels are located internally. True/False.
False. Externally located.
Name the innermost layer of the choroid.
Choriocapillaries.
The ciliary body is connected to ___ anteriorly and ___ posteriorly.
Choroid and iris.
The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the ___ anteriorly and ___ posteriorly.
Cornea and iris.
Sympathetic responses to the pupil are faster than parasympathetic responses. True/False.
False.
Name the single layer of cells that reinforce the light-absorbing property of the choroid in reducing the scattering of light in the eyeball.
Pigment cell layer.
Name two features on the fundus of the eyeball.
Optic disc and macula lutea.
The optic disc is sensitive to color. True/False
False. Its insensitive to light.
Name the feature that is specialized for acuity of vision.
Macula lutea.
The functional optic part of the retina terminates anteriorly along the ___________.
Ora serrata.
Name the main artery that supplies the retina.
Central artery of the retina of the opthalmic artery.
Name the refractive media of the eyeball which pass through the light waves to the retina, in sequence.
Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor and retina.
The cornea is innervated by the ____ of ____.
Long ciliary of nasociliary nerve.
Name two veins through which the aqueous humor is drained through the limbal plexus.
Vorticose and anterior ciliary veins.
The lens of the eye is anchored by the ___ to the ciliary body.
Zonular fibers (suspensory ligament of the lens).
Name the nerve which causes the near vision with the ciliary muscle constriction.
???
Name two main arteries, which supply the eye.
________ of _________, ________ of ________
Opthalmic artery of internal carotid artery and maxillary artery of external carotid artery.
The central vein of the retina drains into the _______ or _______.
Cavernous sinus or superior opthalmic vein.
The retinal detachment usually results from the fluid accumulation between ___ and ___ layers of the retina.
Neural and pigment cell layers.
The papilledema results from increased intracranial pressure through the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve. True/False
True.
Horner syndrome results from interruption of ____.
The cervical sympathetic trunk.
The paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle may cause the ______.
Ptosis.
The glaucoma is caused by decrease drainage of aqueous humor through ___________.
Sclera venous sinus.
