Extras: Study Sheets: Degen +

Question 1

active vs inactive plaques in MS

Answer 1

active: foamy macrophages
inactive: gliosis

Question 2

ANHE

Answer 2

recent URI in kids -> fulminant demyelination -> fatal in most

Question 3

neuritic vs diffuse plaques in alzheimers

Answer 3

1. neuritic: neurites around AB amyloid core

2. diffuse: no amyloid core

Question 4

two conditions that have TDP-43 and FUS

Answer 4

FTLDs, ALS

Question 5

major key for PSP: progressive supranuclear palsy

Answer 5

loss of voluntary eye movement, especially looking down

Question 6

three conditions that have a-synuclein

Answer 6

Parkinsons, lewy body dementia, MSA

Question 7

what area of the brain atrophies first in Huntington’s

Answer 7

caudate nucleus

Question 8

what condition has Bunina bodies

Answer 8

ALS

Question 9

what condition has mutated SOD1

Answer 9

ALS

Question 10

what repeat is found in Freidrich’s ataxia

Answer 10

GAA repeats

Question 11

two leukodystrophies that are X-linked (rest are AR)

Answer 11

Adrenoleukodystrophy, Pelizius-Merzbacher dz

Question 12

decreased enzyme in Krabbe disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, and canavan Dz

Answer 12

1. Krabbe: galactocerebroside B-galactosidase
2. Metachrom: arylsulfatase A
3. Canavan: aspartoacylase

Question 13

which leukodystrophy has behavioral changes and adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 13

adrenoleukodystrophy

Question 14

which leukodystrophy has pendular eye moements, hypotonia, and choreoathetosis?

Answer 14

Pelizius-Merzbacher

Question 15

Canavan dz presentation

Answer 15

1. megalocephaly
2. severe mental deficits
3. blindness

Question 16

gene mutated in Alexander dz

Answer 16

GFAP

Question 17

which leukodystrophy has rosenthal fibers?

Answer 17

alexander dz

Question 18

beriberi

Answer 18

cardiac failure due to B1 deficiency (thiamine)

Question 19

B12 causing subacute combined degeneration

Answer 19

myelin vacuoles in ascending tracts of posterior columns + descending pyramidal tracts

Question 20

two things that affects somner’s sector of the hippocampus

Answer 20

hypoglycemia, carbon monoxide

Question 21

two areas of the brain affected by methanol ingestion

Answer 21

retinal ganglion cells, putamen

Question 22

tumor assoc with NMDA encephalitis

Answer 22

teratoma

Question 23

NMDA encephalitis has 4+/6 of which sx?

Answer 23

1. psych dysfx
2. speech dysfx
3. SZR
4. movement dysfx
5. decreased consciousness
6. autonomic dysfx

Question 24

EEG for NMDA encephalitis

Answer 24

extreme delta brush

Question 25

which type of migraine has aura?

Answer 25

classic migraine

Question 26

stroke in what location causes aphasia?

Answer 26

left hemisphere

Question 27

what causes syndenham chorea?

Answer 27

group A hemolytic strep

Question 28

chromosome for Wilson’s disease

Answer 28

chr 13

Question 29

only SZR type without LOC

Answer 29

simple partial szr

Question 30

two szr types with no post-ictal stage

Answer 30

simple partial, absence

Question 31

complex partial szr

Answer 31

staring + repeat actions

Question 32

tonic-clonic szr

Answer 32

classic - bilateral extension and jerking of extremities

Question 33

atonic szr

Answer 33

sudden loss ofmuscle tone, head and/or body drop

Question 34

myotonic szr

Answer 34

brief rapid symetric jerking of extremities and/or torso (shorter than tonic-clonic)