3: The Eye

Question 1

MC cause of exophthalmos

Answer 1

graves thyroid disease

Question 2

what type of infection can spread to the orbit? in which populations?

Answer 2

sinus infection in immunosuppressed and DM pts

Question 3

MC neoplasms of the orbit

Answer 3

vascular: capillary and cavernous hemangiomas

Question 4

melanoma on the eyelid

Answer 4

rare

Question 5

major cell in epithelium of conjunctiva

Answer 5

goblet cells

Question 6

why do wounds/incisions heal poorly in the sclera?

Answer 6

consists of mainly collagen and few blood vessels

Question 7

why is cornea easy to transplant without needing an exact match of anything?

Answer 7

lacks blood vessels and lymphatics

Question 8

phacolysis and phacolytic glaucoma

Answer 8

HMW proteins from liquefied lens cortex leak thru lens capsule -> may clog trabecular meshwork -> increased intraocular pressure -> phacolytic glaucoma

Question 9

MC intraocular malignancy in adults + MC primary intraocular malignancy

Answer 9

metastasis to the uvea (typically choroid) + uveal melanoma

Question 10

vasculogenic mimicry

Answer 10

spaces connect to blood vessels and serve as extravascular conduits for transport of plasma and possibly blood

Question 11

melanoma histo***

Answer 11

large nuclei, irregular contours, peripherally clumped chromatin, prominent red nuclei

Question 12

RPE: retinal pigment epithelium: what is it derived from

Answer 12

primary optic vesicle, an outpouching from the brain

Question 13

leading cause of blindness in the US

Answer 13

AMD

Question 14

MC primary intraocular malignancy in childhood

Answer 14

retinoblastoma

Question 15

normal tension glaucoma

Answer 15

normal intraocular pressure, but pt develops visual field and optic nerve changes typical of glaucoma

Question 16

buphthalmos

Answer 16

increased intraocular pressure in infants -> dffuse enlargement of the eye

Question 17

staphyloma

Answer 17

increased intraocular pressure in adults -> focal thinning of sclera