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2: NMSP Exam 1 > Extras: Study Sheets > Flashcards

Extras: Study Sheets Flashcards

1
Q

other names for cingulate and uncal herniations

A 
cingulate = subfalcine
uncal = transtentorial
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2
Q

major sign of transtentorial herniation

A

CN3 compression -> dilated pupil, eye down and out, ptosis

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3
Q

Kernohan’s notch phenomenon (from transtentorial herniation)

A

ipsilateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia

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4
Q

what perinatal brain injury causes chalky yellow plaques in the brain?

A

periventricular leukomalacia

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5
Q

aggregates found in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) vs CTE

A

DAI: a-synuclein
CTE: Tau

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6
Q

two things associated with holoprosencephay

A

Trisomy 13, decreased SHH signaling

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7
Q

CT of pt with agenesis of corpus callosum

A

bat wing lateral ventricles

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8
Q

presentation of dandy walker dz

A

hydrocephaly & progressive skull enlargement, slow motor development

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9
Q

sx of Syringomyelia

A

UE loss of pain + temp

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10
Q

most important cellular indicator of CNS injury

A

gliosis (hypertrophy & hyperplasia of astrocytes)

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11
Q

ACA vs MCA stroke sx

A
  1. ACA: weakness, leg hemiplegia, alien hand syndrome

2. MCA: hemineglect, face & arm hemiplegia, hemianopia, aphasia

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12
Q

MCA stroke causes gaze preference…

A

towards lesion

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13
Q

sx of vascular dementia

A
  1. pseudobulbar signs (inappropriate emotions)
  2. dementia
  3. gait abnormalities
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14
Q

vascular dementia brain change

A

multiple bilateral grey and white matter infarcts

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15
Q

CAA: cerebral amyloid angiopathy

A

amyloid deposited around vessels -> lobar hemorrhage/microbleeds (a type of hypertensive cerebrovascular disease)

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16
Q

MC cause of SAH

A

saccular aneurysm rupture

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17
Q

meningitis in neonate vs unvaxxed baby

A
  1. neonate: E.coli, group B strep

2. unvaxed bb: HIB

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18
Q

four things that cause chronic meningitis

A
  1. TB
  2. lyme disease
  3. neurosyphilis
  4. cryptococcus neoformans
19
Q

sx of neurosyphilis

A

communicating hydrocephalus, delusions, dementia, tabes dorsalis (impaired joint sense, joint pain, lightening pain, decreaed DTRs)

20
Q

what condition causes “soap bubble” brain

A

cryptococcus neoformans

21
Q

brain changes in HSV-1 encephalitis

A

necrotizing and hemorrhagic temporal lobes

22
Q

inclusions in HSV1 encephalitis

A

cowdry body intranuclear inclusions

23
Q

CMV in fetuses vs immunocompromised adults

A

fetus: micrcephaly
adults: subacute encephalitis

24
Q

inclusions in rabies

A

Negri bodies

25
Q

sx of SSPE

A

kids: cognitive decline, limb spasticity, SZRs

26
Q

if you see free tachyzoites and encysted brachyzoites on CT what u lookin at

A

toxoplasmosis gondii

27
Q

what kind of infection does acanthamoeba cause?

A

chronic granulomatous meningoencephalitis

28
Q

orbital inflammatory pseudotumor

A

fat and tendons replaced by fibrosis

29
Q

histo of sebaceous carcinoma

A

pagetoid spread, stains with oil red O stain

30
Q

what does conjunctival scarring cause?

A

dry eye (due to decreased goblet cells)

31
Q

cause of pinguecula and pterygium

A

actinic sun damage

32
Q

anterior vs posterior segment uveitis causes

A
  1. anterior: juvenile RA

2. posterior: pneumocystis, sarcoid, auto-immune

33
Q

mutations in uveal melanoma

A

GNAQ, GNA11

34
Q

hallmark of FUch’s dystrophy

A

anvil-shaped bumps on descemet’s membrane

35
Q

what condition causes “oil droplet keratopathy”

A

actinic band keratopathy

36
Q

four conditions associated with developing keratoconus

A

Down syndrome, Marfans, atopic dz, juv glaucoma

37
Q

primary vs secondary closed angle glaucoma

A

primary: pupil block / iris bombe -> increases fluid
secondary: membrane forms over iris (from VEGF from another source)

38
Q

what does retinal detachment entail

A

separation of neurosensory retina + RPE

39
Q

three signs of malignant HTN on fundoscope

A
  1. macular star (firework)
  2. elsching spots (choroid infarcts)
  3. cotton wool spots
40
Q

wet vs dry AMD

A

wet: choroid neovascularization
dry: atrophic (no neovasc)

41
Q

tx for wet AMD

A

VEGF antagonist injections

42
Q

chromosome for RB

43
Q

two signs of RB on histo

A

flexner-wintersteiner rosettes, fleurettes of rods and cones

2: NMSP Exam 1 (21 decks)

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