2: CNS Infections Flashcards

1
Q

4 main routes of CNS infection

A
  1. hematogenous: MC
  2. direct implantation from trauma
  3. local extension: sinuses, teeth, cranial osteomyelitis
  4. PNS (rabies, herpes)
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2
Q

how often does a complete exchange of CSF occur?

A

every 3-4hrs

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3
Q

how does cerebral edema occur in terms of infection?

A

infection -> loss of cap integrity -> loss of BBB -> intravascular fluid enters brain/SC

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4
Q

what drug can slow and reverse cerebral edema caused by infection?

A

corticosteroids

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5
Q

ventriculitis with meningitits

A

fulminant meningitis can extend inflammation into the ventricles

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6
Q

focal cerebritis

A

inflammatory cells infiltrate walls of the veins and extend in the brain surface

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7
Q

if CSF shows gram neg diplococci…

A

N. meningitidis

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8
Q

if CSF shows gram pos diplococci…

A

S. pneumoniae

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9
Q

if CSF shows gram neg pleomorphic cells…

A

H. influenzae

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10
Q

if CSF shows gram positive cocci…

A

S. aureus or S. epidermitis

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11
Q

if CSF shows gram neg bacilli…

A

E. coli or other gram neg

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12
Q

N. meningitidis meningitis sx

A

septicemia, fever, hypotension, DIC, petechial and purpuric lesions (purpura fulminans), can turn into gangrene, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (adrenal gland hemorrhagic infarct)

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13
Q

why is it important to get a culture in addition to a smear in chronic meningitis?

A

CSF smear is positive in 10-20% of cases, but CSF culture is positive in 40-90%

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14
Q

lymphatics in the head

A

none in CSF, but lymphatics are present in the epidural space

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15
Q

four protozoal CNS infections

A

malaria toxoplasmosis, amebisis, trypanosmiasis

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16
Q

five things that cause ring enhancing lesions on CT

A

toxo, TB, fungus, lymphoma, glioblastoma

17
Q

four things that cause rash on palms and soles**

A
  1. hand, foot, mouth (coxsackie A virus)
  2. kawasaki dz
  3. rocky mountain spotted fever
  4. secondary syphilis
18
Q

prion protein

A

PrP

19
Q

major brain change in prion diseases**

A

spongiform change - intracellular vacuoles in neurons and glia