Extras: Repro Path and Clinical

Question 1

vulvar vestibulitis

Answer 1

vestibular gland infection -> erythematous dots that are severely painful

Question 2

what causes lichen simplex chronicus vs lichen sclerosis

Answer 2

1. simplex chronicus: chronic itching/rubbing

2. lichen sclerosis: inflammatory disorder with T cells

Question 3

lichen simplex chronicus histo vs lichen sclerosis

Answer 3

1. simplex chronicus: thickened epidermis, hyperkeratosis, elongated rete ridges
2. lichen sclerosis: thinning, edematous band with lymphocytes, loss of rete ridges

Question 4

cause of VAIN

Answer 4

HPV 16, 18

Question 5

mets of vaginal SCC from lowr vs upper vagina

Answer 5

1. lower -> inguinal LNs

2. upper -> regional iliac LNs

Question 6

gartner duct vs mullerian cyst origin

Answer 6

1. gartner duct: mesonephros remnants

2. mullerian: paramesonephros

Question 7

histo of acute vs chronic endometritis

Answer 7

1. acute: neutrophils

2. chronic: plasma cells

Question 8

what causes uterus didelphys**

Answer 8

failure of Mullerian ducts to fuse

Question 9

how to Dx endometrial hyperplasia in a post-meno woman

Answer 9

Bx: endometrium >4mm

Question 10

types of endometrial carcinoma in type 1 and 2

Answer 10

type 1: endometrioid

type 2: MMMT, serous

Question 11

RFs for type 1 vs type 2 endometrial carcinoma

Answer 11

1. type 1: unopposed E, obesity (younger age)

2. type 2: age, atrophy, black pts

Question 12

which type of endometrial carcinoma has a better prognosis?

Answer 12

type I

Question 13

what is JAZF1 gene mutation associated with?

Answer 13

Endometrial stromal sarcoma

Question 14

mutation seen in most leiomyomas

Answer 14

MED12

Question 15

four tx options for leiomyomas

Answer 15

1. E + progesterone
2. progesterone only
3. GnRH agonists
4. surgry

Question 16

three things on histo of leiomyosarcoma

Answer 16

atypica, mitoses, tumor necrosis

Question 17

five epithelial tumors of the ovary

Answer 17

1. serous cystadenoma
2. mucinous cystadenoma
3. endometrioid
4. clear cell tumor
5. Brenner’s tumor

Question 18

RFs for serous cystadenoma of the ovary

Answer 18

BRCA1/2

Question 19

mucinous cystadenoma is assoc with what + what mutation?

Answer 19

appediceal mucocele; KRAS mutation

Question 20

six types of germ cell tumors of the ovary

Answer 20

1. dermoid cyst
2. immature malignant teratoma
3. monodermal teratoma
4. dysgerminoma
5. yolk sac tumor
6. choriocarcinoma

Question 21

dermoid cyst

Answer 21

mature cystic teratoma - histo of all three embryonic layers

Question 22

how is immature malignant teratoma different from dermoid cyst

Answer 22

immature malignant also has neuroepithelium along with teratoma

Question 23

two types of monodermal teratomas

Answer 23

carcinoid tumor, struma ovarii

Question 24

what ovarian tumor produces AFP

Answer 24

yolk sac tumor

Question 25

four types of sex cord stromal tumors of ovaries

Answer 25

1. granulosa cell tumor 2. thecoma 3. fibroma 4. sertoli-leydig cell tumor

Question 26

granulosa cell tumor gross + histo

Answer 26

yellow (bc H's); coffee bean nuclei on histo

Question 27

what types of ovarian tumors secrete inhibin?

Answer 27

sex cord stromal tumors, esp granulosa cell tumors

Question 28

ovarian tumor with DICER1 mutation that secretes T

Answer 28

sertoli-leydig cell tumor

Question 29

CAD: congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 29

defect in 21-hydroxylase -> excess androgen -> born with ambiguous genitalia or have precocious heterosexual puberty

Question 30

two conditions that cause pseudoisosexual precocious puberty

Answer 30

mccune-albright syndrome, Peutz-Jegher's

Question 31

what does KAL mutation -> Kallman's syndrome cause

Answer 31

GnRH neurons cant migrate to hypothalamus -> hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Question 32

one example of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism

Answer 32

Turner Syndrome

Question 33

MC cause of primary amenorrhea in pt with normal secondary sex characteristics

Answer 33

Mullerian Agenesis

Question 34

to Dx PCOS, need 2/3..

Answer 34

1. oligo/amenorrhea 2. signs of hyperandrogenism or LH:FSH 2:1 3. US shows small cysts on ovaries