Extras: Repro Path and Clinical Flashcards
vulvar vestibulitis
vestibular gland infection -> erythematous dots that are severely painful
what causes lichen simplex chronicus vs lichen sclerosis
- simplex chronicus: chronic itching/rubbing
2. lichen sclerosis: inflammatory disorder with T cells
lichen simplex chronicus histo vs lichen sclerosis
- simplex chronicus: thickened epidermis, hyperkeratosis, elongated rete ridges
- lichen sclerosis: thinning, edematous band with lymphocytes, loss of rete ridges
cause of VAIN
HPV 16, 18
mets of vaginal SCC from lowr vs upper vagina
- lower -> inguinal LNs
2. upper -> regional iliac LNs
gartner duct vs mullerian cyst origin
- gartner duct: mesonephros remnants
2. mullerian: paramesonephros
histo of acute vs chronic endometritis
- acute: neutrophils
2. chronic: plasma cells
what causes uterus didelphys**
failure of Mullerian ducts to fuse
how to Dx endometrial hyperplasia in a post-meno woman
Bx: endometrium >4mm
types of endometrial carcinoma in type 1 and 2
type 1: endometrioid
type 2: MMMT, serous
RFs for type 1 vs type 2 endometrial carcinoma
- type 1: unopposed E, obesity (younger age)
2. type 2: age, atrophy, black pts
which type of endometrial carcinoma has a better prognosis?
type I
what is JAZF1 gene mutation associated with?
Endometrial stromal sarcoma
mutation seen in most leiomyomas
MED12
four tx options for leiomyomas
- E + progesterone
- progesterone only
- GnRH agonists
- surgry
three things on histo of leiomyosarcoma
atypica, mitoses, tumor necrosis
five epithelial tumors of the ovary
- serous cystadenoma
- mucinous cystadenoma
- endometrioid
- clear cell tumor
- Brenner’s tumor
RFs for serous cystadenoma of the ovary
BRCA1/2
mucinous cystadenoma is assoc with what + what mutation?
appediceal mucocele; KRAS mutation
six types of germ cell tumors of the ovary
- dermoid cyst
- immature malignant teratoma
- monodermal teratoma
- dysgerminoma
- yolk sac tumor
- choriocarcinoma
dermoid cyst
mature cystic teratoma - histo of all three embryonic layers
how is immature malignant teratoma different from dermoid cyst
immature malignant also has neuroepithelium along with teratoma
two types of monodermal teratomas
carcinoid tumor, struma ovarii
what ovarian tumor produces AFP
yolk sac tumor
four types of sex cord stromal tumors of ovaries
- granulosa cell tumor
- thecoma
- fibroma
- sertoli-leydig cell tumor
granulosa cell tumor gross + histo
yellow (bc H’s); coffee bean nuclei on histo
what types of ovarian tumors secrete inhibin?
sex cord stromal tumors, esp granulosa cell tumors
ovarian tumor with DICER1 mutation that secretes T
sertoli-leydig cell tumor
CAD: congenital adrenal hyperplasia
defect in 21-hydroxylase -> excess androgen -> born with ambiguous genitalia or have precocious heterosexual puberty
two conditions that cause pseudoisosexual precocious puberty
mccune-albright syndrome, Peutz-Jegher’s
what does KAL mutation -> Kallman’s syndrome cause
GnRH neurons cant migrate to hypothalamus -> hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
one example of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
Turner Syndrome
MC cause of primary amenorrhea in pt with normal secondary sex characteristics
Mullerian Agenesis
to Dx PCOS, need 2/3..
- oligo/amenorrhea
- signs of hyperandrogenism or LH:FSH 2:1
- US shows small cysts on ovaries
