Extra questions B7

Question 1

Sugar is a type of carbohydrate. Eating too much sugar can make a person overweight. Suggest why.

Answer 1

• sugar has a lot of energy
• it provides more (energy / sugar) than is used
• it is stored as fat

Question 2

Suggest two reasons for the difference in the number of deaths from heart disease in men and women between the ages of 40 and 60.

Answer 2

men smoke more
men less active

Question 3

What is meant by a balanced diet?

Answer 3

right amount of nutrients
right amount of energy

Question 4

Explain why stopping smoking will improve a person’s health.

Answer 4

• smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
• raises blood pressure
• increases risk of stroke
• smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer
• as it can cause mutations
• caused by carcinogenic chemicals in smoke (tar)
• leading to uncontrolled growth of cells
• smoking damages alveoli
• causing the surface area of the alveoli to decrease
• causes shortness of breath or reduces gas exchange

Question 5

A food has a sugar substitute it it. Why must it say on the packet which sugar substitute it is?

Answer 5

In case you have allergies

Question 6

Suggest how statins work

Answer 6

Reduce production of cholesterol by the liver

Question 7

A person with CHD has a risk of having a heart attack.
A heart attack will cause the heart muscle to stop contracting.
Explain how CHD can cause a heart attack.

Answer 7

• restricted blood flow
• so less oxygen getting to heart muscle
• so less aerobic respiration

Question 8

Describe how tumours form

Answer 8

As a result of uncontrolled growth and division of cells

Question 9

Similarities and differences of begnin and malginant tumour

Answer 9

Similarities:
*  result from mutations
*   uncontrolled cell growth / division
*   can form a lump of cells
*   made up of abnormal cells

Differences
* malignant are made of cancer cells, benign tumours are not
*   (usually) grow faster than benign tumours
*   invade neighbouring tissues, but benign tumours do not
*   can spread (to other parts of the body) but benign tumours stay in one place
- can form secondary tumours, benign tumours do not

Question 10

Explain how daily exercise helps a person to lose mass.

Answer 10

increases metabolic rate
uses energy
energy comes from food
less food converted to fat

Question 11

) Describe how a tumour can spread to different parts of the body.

Answer 11

cells can break off
travel in blood